Sunday, November 3, 2024

Prestigious Plants - Gymnosperms - Conifers 01 - Cypress

Plant Index ) 

Genus: Cupressus
Family: Cupressaceae
Names: 

  • Cypress
  • Alerce [Spanish]
  • Bách tán [Vietnamese]
  • Baishù [Chinese]
  • Barosh [Hebrew]
  • Bianbai [Chinese]
  • Bô [Vietnamese]
  • Cipres [Spanish]
  • Ciprés [Spanish]
  • Cipresso [Italian]
  • Cypres [Dutch]
  • Cyprès [French]
  • Haiskypärä [Finnish]
  • Hiba [Japanese]
  • Hinoki [Japanese]
  • Itosugi [Japanese]
  • Kohhong [Korean]
  • Kuparis [Finnish]
  • Kupferbaum [German]
  • Livsceder [Danish]
  • Podo [Swahili]
  • Pokok Sipres [Malay]
  • Saipuresu [Japanese]
  • Samnamu [Korean]
  • Sarv [Persian]
  • Selvi [Turkish]
  • Serviana [Albanian]
  • Sipar [Indonesian]
  • Sipres [Indonesian]
  • Sipresso [Portuguese]
  • Sypress [Norwegian]
  • Xanh [Vietnamese]
  • Zypresse [German]e naz [Persian]
  • Sarw [Arabic]
  • Selvi [Turkish]
  • Servi [Turkish]
  • Shajarat al-sarw [Arabic]
  • Síopras [Irish]
  • Sipres [Afrikaans/Indonesian]
  • Sipreis [Scottish Gaelic]
  • Sredizemnomorski kiparis [Bulgarian]
  • Sypress [Norwegian]
  • Sypressi [Finnish]
  • Ton sai pret [Thai]
  • Ton son sam bai [Thai]
  • Välimerenkypressi [Finnish]
  • Vednozelena cipresa [Slovenian]
  • Xiprer [Catalan]
  • Zypresse [German]

"Cypress Tree," posted by Şãღîã Şคlēē๓.

Distribution: Global

Physical Description
Cypress is a genus of coniferous trees known for constantly weeping sap.

Wood Properties: Durable, Fragrant, Fumigant.

Symbolism
Immortality
Like most durable evergreens, the cypress is associated with longevity, endurance, and immortality. To the Phoenician tree of life, the Greeks associated the tree with many deities, including Zeus, Apollo, and Aphrodite. It is referenced biblically for its evergreen nature, which signifies eternal beauty/health. Because of its long-lasting wood and rich fragrance, it was commonly used in the roofing of temples. 

Death/Mourning
The association with Hades is apt. The god of the underworld garlanded his head with cypress, a symbol of death, mourning, grief, and despair. Named for a boy beloved of Apollo, Cyparissus, whose closest friend and playmate was a stag. On accidentally striking his friend with a javelin and slaying him, the boy pleaded with the gods that he might mourn forever.* Apollo, taking pity on him, transformed him into a cypress tree, constantly weeping sap from its trunk. Similarly, Aphrodite adorned her head with a cypress wreath when she mourned Adonis in the same manner as the cypress-crowned muse of tragedy, Melpomene. In Athens, households were garlanded with its boughs following a death. Further, the coffins of Egyptians were made of cypress wood. 
The underworld symbolism is believed to stem partly from the tree not growing back if trimmed too far (hence why they can be sculpted in the classic Mediterranean style).

*In some accounts, the god Silvanus killed the stag and turned Cyparissus into a tree. In that tradition, Silvanus carries a bough in memoriam.

Cyparissus (c.1625) by Jacopo Vignali.


Hunting
In addition to the hunting associations found in the different versions of the Cyparissus myth, it is also regarded as a tree of Artemis.

Virtue
Referenced biblically for its shape to signify moral uprightness.

The wood of Noah’s Ark
A popular English interpretation of the “gopher wood” Noah used to build the Ark was cypress (barosh) wood. 

Islamic Miracle
According to an Islamic tradition, a cypress by the tomb of Cyrus the Great would weep blood every week during Friday prayer and, as such, was venerated. 

Fire
According to Skinner, the cone-shaped tree resembled flame in Asia, which is why it was planted outside Zoroastrian fire temples. Supposedly, Zoroaster lived in the shadow of a cypress tree. On the island of Cyprus (yes, named for the tree), it was worshiped as a symbol of Ceres/Demeter, who sealed Vulkan inside the crater of the volcano Etna with a cypress tree.

Toscana, Tuscan Cypress. Own work -- Io.tangelini.


Culture
Funerary
For all the symbolism and myth associated with cypress in funerary practice, there is a convenient reason cypress trees were chosen to grow in graveyards: the roots dig straight down and expand out only slightly. The roots of cypress trees do not disturb graves.

Magic
The tree is associated with both Artemis/Diana and with Hecate, the goddess of magic, crossroads, and the underworld (among other things). Both goddesses are associated with magic in modern religious and occult practice.


Compiler Notes

  • The cypress has strong associations with the stag or hart. The connection between the tree and animal might be further integrated, with the two serving as each other’s iconographic proxies or further as functional synonyms.
  • “Straight as a cypress” or similar might be used as a common cultural simile about honesty. Also, “cypress-straight” or “right as a cypress.”
  • As a symbol of death, mourning, and funerary rites, cypress wood seems like an excellent necromantic wand-wood. Paired with its affiliation with Hecate and her domain of the crossroads, this wood is well-suited to conducting and directing the spirits of the dead (or other afterworld denizens).
  • Cypress is a hunter’s emblem through the namesake myth and its affiliation with Artemis/Diana. This makes in an effective wooden medium for defixions. Paired with the necromantic qualities previously described, it seems a good wand wood for general malefic action.
  • On the other hand, due to its favorable use in temple roofs, it might effectively protect against necromancy or other malefic magic. This pairs well with the cypress, known as “gopher wood,” which protects one from the flood.
  • Barosh” would make for a good vox magica for wards, calling upon the previous observation.
  • Cypress is probably just a good wand wood, as its particular connotations of immortality reinforce a connection to the cosmic principles that Magicians must navigate.
  • Identified as “resembling fire” in the Near East and with Vulkan’s imprisonment in Mt. Etna, the tree is also good wood for conducting fire magic in all its dimensions. The tree itself is an emblem of the eternal, and in the shape of fire invokes the cosmic principle from which fire flows.
  • The above extends beyond the fuse as a wand wood, but can characterize depictions of underworld figures and deities. Hades might wear a smouldering wreath of cypress if one wishes to recharacterize the Greek hades closer to fiery underworld depictions. Sylvanus may wear a laurel of cypress that burns his brown in penance for the killing of Cyparissus’s stag friend.
  • Due to cypress’s non-distubance of the dead via its roots, it might be the preferred medium or reagent for a sacralized form of necromantic divination, such as one conducted by a front-facing, publicly recognized temple. The non-distubance of the dead via the roots suggests deference and respect, so such a ritual would entail a formalized, respectful, culturally-sanctioned engagement with the wisdom of the deceased. This might be useful when a king is consulting the spirits of his ancestors when facing an intractable problem, or perhaps an annual augury.
  • The non-disturbing quality of the roots might make cypress a good tree for sealing a contentious spirit so that the spirit does not disturb the soil about his place of imprisonment.
  • The sealing of Vulkan in Mount Etna under a cypress suggests the spirit of industrious inventiveness is dangerous and must be controlled to prevent catastrophe. Cypress may then act as a regulating wood for the dangerously inventive spirit. Perhaps a clever but foolish young magician who has precipitated disaster with his brilliant but short-sighted magical cunning may be gifted a staff or wand of cypress to mitigate his foolish tendencies? There’s a lot that can be done with this.

Image Refs

[Img 01 - https://www.pinterest.com/pin/372250725425770350/ ]

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Species: Cupressus sempervirens
Names: 

  • Mediterranean Cypress
  • Akdeniz Servisi [Turkish]
  • Black Cypress
  • Chiparos [Greek]
  • Churchyard Cypress
  • Ciprés Común [Spanish]
  • Ciprés Mediterráneo [Spanish]
  • Cipresso Comune [Italian]
  • Cipresso Mediterraneo [Italian]
  • Common Cypress
  • Cyprès De Provence [French]
  • Cyprès Toujours Vert [French]
  • European Cypress
  • Hoàng Đàn [Vietnamese]
  • Italian Cypress
  • Kyparissi [Greek]
  • Mediterranean Cypress
  • Mediterrane Zypresse [German]
  • Mittelmeer-Zypresse [German]
  • Pencil Pine
  • Persian Cypress
  • Pokok Sipres Mediterranean [Malay]
  • Roman Cypress
  • Sarv-e Shirazi [Persian]
  • Selvi [Turkish]
  • Sempreverde [Italian]
  • Servi Ağacı [Turkish]
  • Serwi [Arabic]
  • Sibres [Maltese]
  • Siprés Mediterania [Indonesian]
  • Southern Cypress
  • Tuscan Cypress
  • Viecīgais Cipresis [Latvian]

Cupressus sempervirens fastigiate cultivated form in Hawaii, USGS photo.


Distribution:

  • Asia, West: Cyprus, Iran, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria, Turkey
  • Europe, Southern: Greece (including Crete)

Physical Description
Mediterranea cypress is a long-lived, medium-sized tree that grows to 35m (115ft) tall. The oldest known specimen found in Iran is the Sarv-e-Abarkooh (“Cypress of Abarkuh”) or “the Zoroastrian Sarv,” estimated to be 4,000 years old. This specimen is 25m (82ft) in height, with a trunk circumference of 11.5m (38ft).

Wood Properties: Durable, Fragrant, Fumigant.

Cypress of Abarkuh, Own work, TruthBeethoven.


Symbolism
Funerary
Principle cemetery tree of Europe and the Muslim world.

Culture
Landscaping
Played a central role in all the famous historical gardens of Persia.
Most cultivated cypresses are selected with a fastigiate (upward-pointing/tapering) crown and erect branches, looking something like an exclamation mark or, as Skinner relayed as an observation of the orient, a flame. This shape is heavily associated with the Mediterranean aesthetic, especially in Tuscany.

Temple Portals
The wood was used for the doors of St. Peter’s Basilica in Vatican City, Rome.

The doors of St. Peter's Basilica.


Distilling
Cypress staves were used to hold mash ferments before being replaced with stainless steel.

Cosmetics
Used for its fragrance, as well as its astringent and firming qualities.

Instruments
Traditional wood of Italian harpsichords.

Medical
We are not a medical website; do not take health advice from us.

This plant has been attributed the following medicinal properties:

  • Anti-seborrheic (treats skin issues)
  • Anti-dandruff
  • Anti-aging


Compiler Notes

  • Something could be made of the purported medical properties and the tree’s symbolic associations.
  • An ancient cypress that is the object of veneration would make an excellent landmark in any fantasy setting.

Image Refs

[Img 04 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cupressus_sempervirens_Stricta.jpg ]

[Img 05 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cypress_of_Abarqu.JPG ]

[Img 06 - https://www.pinterest.com/pin/171699804518502016/ ]


* * * * * * *


Species: Cupressus atlantica
Names: 

  • Moroccan Cypress
  • Aaders [Berber]
  • Arar [Arabic]
  • Atlas Cedar
  • Atlas Cypress
  • Cyprès De L'Atlas [French]
  • Goa Cedar
  • Goa Cypress
  • Idil [Berber]
  • Moroccan Cypress
  • Sarw Al Atlas [Arabic]
  • Serw Al Atlas [Arabic]
  • Zypresse des Atlas [German]

Cupressus atlantica, Own work, MPF.


Distribution: 

  • Africa, Northern: Morocco (High Atlas Mountains)

Physical Description
Moroccan cypress leaves are bluer than Cupressus sempervirens (Mediterranean cypress), with a white resin spot on each leaf.


Compiler Notes

  • Retained for name and distribution.

Image Refs

[Img 07 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cupressus_atlantica0.jpg ]


* * * * * * *


Species: Cupressus cashmeriana
Names: 

  • Bhutan Cypress
  • Bhutanese Weeping Cypress
  • Bsam-Lding [Dzongkha]
  • Cashmere Cypress
  • Cypress Du Bhoutan [French]
  • Deodar [Hindi/Urdu]
  • Devadāru [Sanskrit]
  • Himalayan Cypress
  • Kashmir Cypress
  • Khangma [Dzongkha]
  • Shukpa [Tibetan]
  • Shulim [Tibetan]
  • Tsenden [Dzongkha]
  • Tshenden [Bhutanese]
  • Weeping Cypress
  • Weeping Himalayan Cypress

Cupressus cashmeriana, Sochi, Russia. Own work, Materialscientist.


Distribution: 

  • Asia, South: India (East Himalaya)

Physical Description
Bhutan cypress is a medium-sized to large tree growing 20-45m (66-148ft) tall, with a trunk growing up to 3m (10ft) in diameter. Unverified claims of some trees reaching 95m (312ft) in height.

Culture
The national tree of Bhutan is widely planted around Buddhist Vihāra* monasteries and temples.


Compiler Notes

  • Retained for name and distribution.
  • Explore Vihāra monasteries for visual inspiration, such as Cave 12 at Ellora and the Ajanta caves. Some Vihāras were not monasteries, but rest stops for travelers, including pilgrims, hunters, and hobbyists.
  • Particularly large weeping cypresses would make great points of reference for travelers, as the rule of thumb would be that such usually indicated the presence of a Vihara.
  • As a “weeping” cypress, someone employing more Western iconographic sensibilities might impose a narrow mourning/funerary meaning on this plant.

Image Refs

[Img 08 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CupressusCashmerianaSochi.JPG ]


* * * * * * *


Species: Cupressus duclouxiana
Names: 

  • Chinese Cypress
  • Bhutan Weeping Cypress
  • Dingri Shing [Tibetan]
  • Ducloux Cypress
  • Ducloux Servisi [Turkish]
  • Gao Shan Bai [Mandarin]
  • Huashan Bai [Mandarin]
  • Pin-Cha [Chinese]
  • Tibet Bai [Mandarin]
  • Tibetan Cypress
  • Weeping Cypress
  • Xiangya Bai [Mandarin]
  • Xizhang Bai [Chinese]
  • Yunnan Bai [Mandarin]
  • Yunnan Cypress
  • Yunnan Servisi [Turkish]

Cupressus duclouxiana, from naturix-seeds.com.


Distribution: 

  • Asia, East: China (China South-Central)
  • Asia, Central: Tibet


Compiler Notes

  • Retained for name and distribution.
  • As a “weeping” cypress, someone employing more Western iconographic sensibilities might impose a narrow mourning/funerary meaning on this plant.

Image Refs

[Img 09 - https://www.naturix-seeds.com/product-page/cupressus-duclouxiana ]


* * * * * * *

Species: Cupressus dupreziana
Names: 

  • Saharan Cypress
  • Algerian Cypress
  • Awal [Tamahaq/Tuareg]
  • Cyprès De Duprez [French]
  • Cyprès Du Tassili [French]
  • Desert Cypress
  • Idil [Berber]
  • Tarout [Arabic/Tamahaq]
  • Tassili Cypress
  • Taza [Tamahaq/Tuareg]
  • Zypresse von Tassili [German]

Cupressus dupreziana, treatenedconifers.rbge.org.uk.


Distribution: 

  • Africa, Northern: Algeria (Tassili n’ajjer mountains in the central Sahara, southeast Algeria)

Physical Description
Saharan cypress is a rare tree from a unique population isolated in the Sahara Desert. The tallest of the remaining trees is 22m (72ft) tall; the majority are believed to be over 2000 years old. Foliage is bluer than Cupressus sempervirens, with a white resin spot on each leaf. 
This cypress is unique in the family in its reproductive strategy, in which the genetic material of the seeds comes entirely from the pollen (male apomixis).

Cupressus dupreziana, Gruban at Flickr.


Culture
Named from the Tamashek word “tarout,” which was a butcher’s term for the windpipe and lungs of a grazing animal, to which the observers thought the tree resembled.
Only 233 trees of this species are left, and each of them is named individually in Tamashek, with titles like “The One by the Flat Stones.” The largest is named Tin-Balalan and is 22m (72ft) tall and 1.26m (4.1ft) in diameter.
They are still used as shelter by local nomads, and the trees are subject to damage from the nomads' herd animals. Branches and roots are still occasionally (illegally) used for firewood.
Some of these trees have been cultivated in southern Europe from seeds and grown as ornamentals/ex-situ genetic conservation.

A tree in habitat iNaturalist observation 7367127 [András Zboray, 2011.11.23]


Compiler Notes

  • Retained for name, color, and unique distribution.
  • Under the doctrine of signatures, wood, bark, or other plant material would be suitable for respiratory health if consumed or inhaled as aroma. The age of these trees might also be passed on sympathetically in this way.
  • Excellent inspiration for a cypress grove, where each tree is named and attributed to an individual animus

Image Refs

[Img 10 - https://www.pinterest.com/pin/82190761925497618/ ]

[Img 11 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupressus_dupreziana#/media/File:Cupressus_dupreziana1.jpg ]

[Img 12 - https://www.conifers.org/cu/Cupressus_dupreziana.php ]


* * * * * * *


Species: Cupressus majestica (syn. Cupressus gigantea)
Names: 

  • Tibetan Cypress
  • Bhairopokhari Cypress
  • Bhote Dhupi [Nepali]
  • Bhutan Cypress
  • Bhutanese Weeping Cypress
  • Gao Shan Bai [Mandarin]
  • Giant Asian Cypress
  • Giant Cypress
  • Himalayan Cypress
  • Himalayan Giant Cypress
  • Krung [Tibetan]
  • Majestic Cypress
  • Shukpa [Tibetan]
  • Tibetan Giant Cypress
  • Tsenden [Dzongkha/Tibetan]
  • Weeping Cypress
  • Xiangya Bai [Mandarin]
  • Xizhang Bai [Chinese]

Cupressus gigantea, Paco Garin.


Distribution: 

  • Asia, East: China (China South-Central)
  • Asia, Central: Tibet

Culture
The largest Cupressus gigantea is an ancient ~2,600-year-old specimen called the King Cypress, the Great Cypress, Bóshù wáng, and “the God of Trees.” It is 50m (164ft) high and 5.8m (19ft) in diameter.

Bóshù wáng, Own work, Kosi Gramatikoff.


Compiler Notes

  • Retained for name and distribution.
  • An absolutely massive, ancient cypress tree is a useful landmark in any fantasy story.
  • If one takes “the God of Trees” title seriously, one could build a whole religious framework around such an ancient tree. While this lends itself to a temple and all the associated fixings, it, more importantly, provides the society around it with a tangible axis mundi. Characters native to this region might orient their position relative to the tree. This might cause clashes with a more secular authority, such as an Imperial governor, who, for soft-power reasons, needs the people to orient themselves to his seat of power in the provincial capital.

Image Refs

[Img 13 - https://www.flickr.com/photos/helicongus/30211338287 ]

[Img 14 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:King_Cypress_Tree.jpg ]


* * * * * * *


Species: Cupressus pendula (syn. Cupressus funebris)
Names: 

  • Chinese Weeping Cypress
  • Bai Mu [Mandarin]
  • Bhutan Weeping Cypress
  • Chinese Mourning Cypress
  • Chinese Weeping Cypress
  • Cyprès Funèbre [French]
  • Cyprès Pleureur [French]
  • Funeral Cypress
  • Hänge-Zypresse [German]
  • Hängezypresse [German]
  • Hiba [Japanese]
  • Mourning Cypress
  • Po [Chinese]
  • Pye-Sa-Chin [Burmese]
  • Sad Cypress
  • Saru [Vietnamese/Japanese]
  • Trauer-Zypresse [German]
  • Weeping Chinese Cypress
  • Weeping Cypress

Cupressus funebris, Own work, Melburnian.


Distribution: 

  • Asia, East: China (China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast)

Physical Description
Chinese weeping cypress is a medium-sized tree, growing 20-35m (66-115ft) tall, with the trunk growing up to 2m (6.5ft) in diameter.

Culture
Commonly planted around monasteries and temples.


Compiler Notes

  • Retained for name and distribution.

Image Refs

[Img 15 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cupressus_funebris_02.jpg ]


* * * * * * *


Species: Cupressus torulosa
Names: 

  • Himalayan Cypress
  • Bhutan Cypress
  • Cyprès De L'Himalaya [French]
  • Deodar [Hindi/Urdu]
  • Deodar Cypress
  • Devadāru [Sanskrit]
  • Devi Diyar [Hindi]
  • Galla [Nepali]
  • Himalayan Cypress
  • Himalayan Twisted Cypress
  • Kashmiri Cypress
  • Kleiner Himalaja-Zypresse [German]
  • Kletha [Kashmiri]
  • Nepalese Cypress
  • Raisalla [Nepali]
  • Saro [Nepali]
  • Shujin Bai [Chinese]
  • Shukpa [Tibetan]
  • Surai [Nepali/Hindi]
  • Telaun [Nepali]
  • Thuja [Hindi]
  • Tortuous Cypress
  • Tsandan [Tibetan]
  • Twisted Cypress

Cupressus torulosa, Photo by Owen Johnson.


Distribution: 

  • Asia, South: Nepal, Pakistan
  • Asia, Central: Tibet

Physical Description
Himalayan cypress is a medium to extremely large tree, often growing up to 45m (150ft) in height. Possibly the second-tallest tree species in the world if the 102.3m (336ft) specimen found is Cupressus torulosa instead of Cupressus gigantea (as some have claimed).


Compiler Notes

  • Retained for name and distribution.
  • The size of these trees is absurd, do something with that in relation to the immortality iconography.

Image Refs

[Img 16 - https://www.treesandshrubsonline.org/articles/cupressus/cupressus-torulosa/ ]


* * * * * * *

See Also:

Prestigious Plants

Other Gymnosperms

  • Cedar
  • Ephedra
  • Fir
  • Ginkgo
  • Juniper
  • Larch
  • Pine
  • Spruce
  • Yew


* * * * * * *


Sources: 


-Drury, N. (2004). The dictionary of the esoteric: 3000 entries on the mystical and occult traditions. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. 

-Drury, N. (2005). The Watkins Dictionary of Magic: 3000 entries on the magical traditions. Watkins. 

-Greenaway, Kate. Language of Flowers. George Routleage and Sons. 

-Roux, Jessica. Floriography: An Illustrated Guide to the Victorian Language of Flowers. Andrews McMeel Publishing, 2020. 

-Skinner, Charles M. “Myths and Legends of Flowers, Trees, Fruits, and Plants : In All Ages and in All Climes : Skinner, Charles M. (Charles Montgomery), 1852-1907 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming.” Internet Archive, Philadelphia : J.B. Lippincott Co., 1 Jan. 1970, https://archive.org/details/mythslegendsoffl00skin. 

-Tresidder, J. (2008). The Watkins Dictionary of Symbols. Watkins. 

( https://powo.science.kew.org/ )
( https://www.secretflowerlanguage.com/ ) — Defunct
( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupressus )
( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupressus_sempervirens )
( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupressus_atlantica )
( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupressus_cashmeriana )
( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupressus_duclouxiana )
( https://www.conifers.org/cu/Cupressus_dupreziana.php )
( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupressus_dupreziana )
( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupressus_funebris )
( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupressus_gigantea )
( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupressus_torulosa )


Name assistance provided by Claude 3.5 Sonnet.

Prestigious Plants - Gymnosperms

 ( Plant Index )

GYMNOSPERMAE
Gymnosperms

“Gymnosperm” comes from the composite Greek for “naked seed” or “revealed seed,” in contrast to the ovule-enclosed angiosperms. These seeds form in scales on leaves, in cones, or singularly (in the case of yew). 

This grouping of plants includes all coniferous trees, as well as a few other relevant tree and shrub groups. These divisions are of great note, and include the following genera:

  • Pinophyta (Conifers)
    • Pinales
      • Cupressaceae
      • Pinaceae
        • Abies (Fir)
        • Cedrus (Cedar)
        • Cryptomeria (Japanese Cedar)
        • Larix (Larch)
        • Picea (Spruce)
        • Pinus (Pine)
      • Taxaceae
        • Taxus (Yew)
  • Ginkgoopsida
    • Ginkgoales
      • Ginkgoaceae
        • Ginkgo
  • Gnetophyta
    • Ephredales
      • Ephedraceae
        • Ephedra


* * * * * * *

DIVISION: Pinophyta/Coniferophyta
Class: Pinopsida
Order: Pinales

Conifers are the cone-bearing seed plants within the Gymnosperm clade. They form the division Pinophyta (also called Coniferophyta), and the class Pinopsida. 

While there have been a number of propositions for distinguishing this order into multiple subclasses, relevant to our research we will be treating the following families as belonging to this order:

  • Pinophyta (Conifers)
    • Pinales
      • Cupressaceae
      • Pinaceae
        • Abies (Fir)
        • Cedrus (Cedar)
        • Cryptomeria (Japanese Cedar)
        • Larix (Larch)
        • Picea (Spruce)
        • Pinus (Pine)
      • Taxaceae
        • Taxus (Yew)


* * * * * * *

DIVISION: Ginkgophyta

An ancient division of gymnosperms with only 1 surviving genus, Ginkgo, and 1 species, Ginkgo biloba.

  • Ginkgoopsida
    • Ginkgoales
      • Ginkgoaceae
        • Ginkgo


* * * * * * *

DIVISION: Gnetophyta

This is a division containing only 3 genera, the only 1 of which is relevant to our interests (as far as we are aware) is Genus Ephedra.

  • Gnetophyta
    • Ephredales
      • Ephedraceae
        • Ephedra


* * * * * * *

See Also:

Prestigious Plants


* * * * * * *


Sources: 


( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conifer )
( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupressaceae )
( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginkgoopsida )
( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnetophyta )
( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnosperm )
( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinaceae )
( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinales )
( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxaceae )

Wednesday, September 4, 2024

Prestigious Plants - Ferns 08 - Maidenhair Fern and Brake

Plant Index ) 

BRAKE AND MAIDENHAIR FERN

Family: Pteridaceae

The brake family includes two genera relevant to our research, which we have compiled into this single article for convenience: Adiantum, the maidenhair ferns, and Pteris, or brake.

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MAIDENHAIR FERN

Genus: Adiantum
Family: Pteridaceae
Names: 

  • Maidenhair Fern
  • Adelaarsvaren [Dutch]
  • Adianto [Portuguese]
  • Avencão [Portuguese]
  • Cabelo-De-Vênus [Portuguese]
  • Capilera [Italian]
  • Capillaire [French]
  • Cheveux De Vénus [French]
  • Culantrillo [Spanish]
  • Falcia [Italian]
  • Frauenhaar [German]
  • Frauenhaarfarn [German]
  • Hårfin Bräken [Swedish]
  • Jungfruhår [Swedish]
  • Junomähka [Estonian]
  • Kapiliaras [Lithuanian]
  • Karinz [Lingua Ignota]
  • Neitsikarv [Estonian]
  • Palha-De-Camelo [Portuguese]
  • Pleumaňa [Czech]
  • Rambut Venus [Indonesian]
  • Rozuta [Polish]
  • Spleenwort
  • Venus Hair Fern
  • Venushaar [German]
  • Venushår [Danish/Norwegian]
  • Vénus Haja [Hungarian]
  • Vénusz Haja [Hungarian]
  • Venusvare [Estonian]
  • Walkingtail Fern

Adiantum aleuticum, western maidenhair. Own work -- Walter Siegmund.

Distribution: Cosmopolitan

Symbolism
The name means “unwetted” in Greek, as this plant can shed water without becoming wet. It gets the name “maidenhair” because its stalks are thin and black.
In modern flower language, maidenhair fern is associated with discretion (presumably from a maiden’s modesty) and secrecy (presumably from the maiden’s hair masking and preserving that modesty).
Roux associates this plant with secrecy, which is likely the overlap between the meaning of “discretion” with its magical associations.

Magic
Maidenhair fern is a “female” fern of magic (sharing these associations with genus Athyrium), as opposed to the “male” wood fern, genus Dryopteris
The hydrophobic nature of this plant plays into the name “Venus’s hair,” as Venus’s hair was dry and kempt when she first rose from the sea. In some interpretations of Venus, her hair is actually composed of these ferns.
Despite being named for Venus, this plant was dedicated to Pluto and Proserpina for reasons Skinner confesses he cannot fathom. This is likely in reference to Proserpina’s maiden status when her future husband, Pluto, kidnapped her.
By this underworld association’s possible importation into England, Skinner posits, the plant came to be associated with witchcraft, sorcery, and all manner of magical mischief.


Compiler Notes

  • Through the shared name of “Venus’s hair,” this plant has an association with rutilated quartz that is worth exploiting.
  • Underworld associations, exploit. These could be related to the relationship to the rutilated quartz of the same name.
  • It could be used in a sailor’s amulet. The plant is hydrophobic, repelling water. This is apotropaic by sympathy because if Venus’s hair is dry, then the sailor’s hair is dry (as in, he is not drowning).
  • As the male fern repels sorcery and the evil eye but attracts snakes, it would stand to reason that the maidenhair fern assists rather than abjures magic while repelling snakes.
  • As “spleenwort” ties to archaic notions of the spleen as a stand-in for anger, irritability, and melancholy. A spleenwort might be used to treat emotional instability or to induce it in a curse. Good reagent for an offensive rage spell in a game like Dungeons & Dragons.

Image Refs

( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Adiantum_pedatum_09905.JPG )

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Species: Adiantum aethiopicum
Names: 

  • Common Maidenhair Fern
  • African Maidenhair Fern
  • Black Maidenhair Fern
  • Culandrillo De Pozo [Spanish]
  • Donga [Xhosa]
  • Ink Fern
  • Kowhai Kowhai [Maori]
  • Maidenhair
  • Nzinziniba [Xhosa]
  • Rough Maidenhair Fern
  • Skadublaar [Afrikaans]
  • Southern Maidenhair Fern
  • Thang Po Zi [Chinese]

Adiantum aethiopicum growing on Hawkesbury Sandstone at Chatswood West.
Own Work -- Poyt448 Peter Woodard.

Distribution:

  • Africa, Central: Cameroon, Congo
  • Africa, Eastern: Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
  • Africa, Southern: Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, South Africa
  • Africa, Western: Nigeria
  • Oceania: Australia (New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia), New Caledonia, New Zealand (New Zealand North, New Zealand South), Norfolk Island
Biome: Prefers moist sandstone cliffs.

Physical Description
Grows in spreading clumps of fronds about 10-45 cm (4-18 in) in height. 
Linnaeus first described it in 1759, using “aethiopicum” to refer to Africa south of Egypt.

Medical
We are not a medical website; do not take health advice from us.

It has astringent and emetic properties. The Useful Native Plants of Australia (1889) claimed that the plant was used in Europe as a demulcent (treating inflammation of the mucous membranes) and “employed in diseases of the chest.”


Compiler Notes

  • The fantasy writer should exploit this plant’s relationship to Africa. Suppose your Medieval fantasy setting employs analogs of Old World cultures. In that case, this variety of maidenhair fern might be prized in fantasy Europe as indicative of the magical secrets of the mysterious South.
  • As “ink fern,” it might readily be used as a magical writing implement, as a frond-wand for writing characters in the air.

Image Refs

( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maidenhair_-_Chatswood_West.jpg )

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Species: Adiantum capillus-veneris
Names: 

  • Southern Maidenhair Fern
  • Avenca [Portuguese]
  • Avenca-Das-Fontes [Portuguese]
  • Avenca-Dos-Poços [Portuguese]
  • Black Maidenhair Fern
  • Cabellera De Venus [Spanish]
  • Capelvenere [Italian]
  • Capillaire De Montpellier [French]
  • Cheveux De Vénus [French]
  • Ciumăfaie [Romanian]
  • Columbine Fern
  • Culantrillo [Spanish]
  • Culantrillo De Pozo [Spanish]
  • Doradilla [Spanish]
  • Falso Culantrillo [Spanish]
  • Frauenhaarfarn [German]
  • Güzelce Otu [Turkish]
  • Hansraj [Hindi]
  • Iarba Ciutei [Romanian]
  • Nookta [Arabic]
  • Piantella [Italian]
  • Prstnatec [Czech]
  • Rueleaf Fern
  • True Maidenhair
  • Vrouwenhaar [Dutch]
  • Walkingstick Fern

Adiantum capillus-veneris in Anento (Zaragoza, Spain).
Own Work -- Balles2601.

Distribution: 

  • Africa, Central: Chad
  • Africa, Eastern: Comoros, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
  • Africa, Northern: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia
  • Africa, Southern: Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa
  • Africa, Western: Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal
  • America, North: Canada (British Columbia), Mexico (Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest), United States (Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia)
  • America, South: Brazil (Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast), Chile (Chile Central, Chile North), Peru, Venezuela
  • Asia, East: China (China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast), Japan, Korea, Taiwan
  • Asia, South: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka
  • Asia, Southeast: Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia (Malaya), Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam
  • Asia, West: Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Oman, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, Yemen
  • Europe, Central: Switzerland
  • Europe, Eastern: Bulgaria, Ukraine
  • Europe, Southern: Albania, Greece (including Crete), Italy (including Sardinia, Sicily), Portugal, Spain (including Balearic Islands, Canary Islands)
  • Europe, Western: England, France (including Corsica), Ireland
  • Oceania: Fiji, New Caledonia, Samoa, Society Islands, Tonga
Biome: Warm-temperate to tropical; moist, well-drained soil, loam, limestone. Generally, it is north-facing in the northern hemisphere and south-facing in the southern hemisphere.

Medical
We are not a medical website; do not take health advice from us.

Much of the medical use below comes from The Lost Book of Herbal Remedies

According to Apelian and Davis, the leaves and rhizomes of this fern are useful as medicine because they are astringent, anti-tussive (cough suppressant), mild expectorant, mild diuretic, weak antibacterial, and reduce excess mucus. Their rhizomes are also loaded with antioxidants. According to the wiki entry, they are also mild emetic. Apelian and Davis especially recommend using the leaves to produce an infused syrup.

Inflammation
The Mahuna people consumed it to treat rheumatism, and the Navajo used an infused lotion for insect bites and stings. 

Respiratory Issues
Maidenhair fern leaves to treat coughs and mild respiratory problems, such as bronchitis, nasal congestion, and sore throats. The infused syrup is suggested for this purpose.

Diuretic
As a diuretic, maidenhair fern helps treat urinary issues, as well as breaking up stones (including gallstones). Red mulberry maximizes this treatment.

GI Issues
Supposedly, it helps remove toxins from the digestive tract and reduce GI inflammation.

Cardiovascular Health
In tincture or decoction, it supposedly improves circulation and treats arteriosclerosis. 
By extension, maidenhair fern is also said by our sources to shrink varicose veins and hemorrhoid piles and treat varicose ulcers.

Jaundice
In Iranian traditional medicine, the fronds make an infusion to treat jaundice.

Mental Illness
The Navajo smoke this plant to treat mental illness.


Compiler Notes

  • While varicose veins may appear in young people, the risk increases as you age. Suppose something named “maidenhair” treats varicose veins. In that case, the obvious symbolic connotation is virgin renewal, which would make this fern useful in all manner of medicines, rites, and probably magically infused cosmetics or supplements. This single connection is sufficient support for going all-out on the symbolic associations of the common name.

Image Refs


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Species: Adiantum caudatum
Names: 

  • Walking Maidenhair Fern
  • Atiloppu [Tamil]
  • Balatunchyung [Nepali]
  • Beru Moti [Kannada]
  • Buddhalila [Telugu]
  • Chain Fern
  • Climbing Maidenhair
  • Hansraj [Hindi]
  • Jembu Binnagun [Kannada]
  • Kallu Jurli [Kannada]
  • Kuri Baddada [Telugu]
  • Mayurshikha [Bengali]
  • Mayurshikha [Sanskrit]
  • Oshadi [Sinhala]
  • Pankali [Malayalam]
  • Pronged Spleenwort
  • Raat Rani [Urdu]
  • Tailed Maidenhair Fern
  • Trailing Maidenhair

Adiantum caudatum

Distribution:

  • Asia, East: China (China South-Central, China Southeast), Taiwan
  • Asia, South: Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka
  • Asia, Southeast: Cambodia, Indonesia (Borneo, Lesser Sunda Is.), Laos, Malaysia (Malaya), Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam
  • Oceania: New Caledonia, New Guinea, Vanuatu
Biome: Shaded areas.


Compiler Notes

  • Retained for name and distribution.
  • The name “walking maiden” is too good not to use in love hexes designed to break apart couples before marriage.
  • “Climbing fern” might be useful for spells related to improving climbing ability.
  • “Chain fern” can be used in binding spells, cursing someone or compelling the obedience of spirits.

Image Refs

( https://indoor-plants.net/adiantum-caudatum/ )

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Species: Adiantum hispidulum
Names: 

  • Rough Maidenhair Fern
  • Ano'i [Hawaiian]
  • Cinco Dedos [Portuguese]
  • Doradilla [Spanish]
  • Five-Fingered Jack
  • Footed Maidenhair
  • Fukuju Shida [Japanese]
  • Harsh Maidenhair
  • Iwa'iwa [Hawaiian]
  • Manienie'ula [Hawaiian]
  • Rosy Maidenhair Fern
  • Rough-Stalked Maidenhair
  • Rude Maidenhair
  • Ruwharig Venushaar [Dutch]
  • Shi Zi Jue [Chinese]
  • Shi-No-Bu [Japanese]
  • Uluhe-Lau-Li'i [Hawaiian]
  • Wu Zhi Jue [Chinese]


Adiantum hispidulum, Forest & Kim Starr.

Distribution:

  • Africa, Eastern: Comoros, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zimbabwe
  • Asia, East: China (China South-Central, China Southeast), Taiwan
  • Asia, South: India, Sri Lanka
  • Asia, Southeast: Indonesia (Jawa, Lesser Sunda Is., Sulawesi), Malaysia (Malaya), Philippines, Thailand
  • Oceania: Australia (New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia), Caroline Islands, Cook Islands, Fiji, Kermadec Islands, New Caledonia, New Zealand (New Zealand North), Norfolk Island, Society Islands, Tonga, Tuamotu, Tubuai Islands, Vanuatu


Compiler Notes

  • Retained for name and distribution
  • “Five-Fingered Jack” might be useful for improving stealth abilities, sleight of hand, and theft in reference to “five-finger discount.”
  • “Rude maidenhair” might access the disjunction between “rude” and “maiden” to help identify an uncouth young woman as the target of the spell, or to curse her to uncouth behavior to incite the negative social consequences of such behavior.

Image Refs

( https://plantlust.com/plants/adiantum-hispidulum/images/1389/ )

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Species: Adiantum reniforme
Names: 

  • Lotusleaf Maidenhair Fern
  • Culantrilho Redondo [Portuguese]
  • Culantrillo De Pozo Redondo [Spanish]
  • Douro [Portuguese]
  • Ene-Ene [Portuguese]
  • Erva Do Regato [Portuguese]
  • Kidney Fern
  • Kidney Maidenhair Fern
  • Kidney-Leaved Maidenhair Fern
  • Kidney-Shaped Maidenhair
  • Reniform Maidenhair Fern
  • Round-Leaved Maidenhair
  • Shen Zhuang Tie Xian Jue [Chinese]
  • Yao Ye Tie Xian Jue [Chinese]

Adiantum reniforme var. sinense. 胡馬度.

Distribution:

  • Africa, Central: Chad
  • Africa, Eastern: Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania
  • Africa, Western: Cape Verde
  • Europe, Southern: Spain (Canary Islands)
  • Europe, Western: Portugal (Madeira)


Compiler Notes

  • Retained for name and distribution
  • Connect to [Lotus].
  • The kidney shape would likely make it good for magical kidney treatment by virtue of sympathy.

Image Refs

( https://www.flickr.com/photos/53269962@N06/6725852687/ )

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Species: Adiantum venustum
Names: 

  • Evergreen Maidenhair Fern
  • Bhutali [Hindi]
  • Black Hasraj
  • Chhotdi [Nepali]
  • Dainty Maidenhair Fern
  • Dumtuli [Nepali]
  • Graceful Maidenhair Fern
  • Hansraj [Hindi]
  • Himalayan Maidenhair Fern
  • Kalijhant [Hindi]
  • Sheng Mei Tie Xian Jue [Chinese]
  • Venus Maidenhair Fern

Adiantum venustum in Germany. Own work -- Kembangraps.

Distribution:

  • Asia, East: China (China North-Central, China South-Central)
  • Asia, South: Afghanistan, India (Assam), Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan
  • Asia, Central: Tibet
Biome: Grows on moist rocks with lots of humus and dead leaves.

Physical Description
Grows 15-25 cm tall and ~1m wide, with soft green fronds that grow in a triangular shape, with numerous segments and black stems. The plant spreads out in a mat. A hardy evergreen fern that conditionally becomes deciduous when temperatures drop below -10 °C. 

Medical
We are not a medical website; do not take health advice from us.

It treats colds, headaches, inflammation of the chest, and, according to the Wikipedia entry, “hydrophobia.”

Diuretic
Rhizome extract is a diuretic.

Diabetes
Rhizome extract is used to treat diabetes.

Liver Health
Rhizome extract is used in the treatment of liver problems.

Cancer Treatment
Some research suggests that a tincture from the leaves is useful in controlling the spread of cancer.

Sedative
In lab testing, the tincture has caused sedation, muscle relaxation, and even hypnosis in mice.

Rabies Treatment
We presume the “hydrophobia” listed is an archaism for rabies. For another archaism, see [dog bite.]


Compiler Notes

  • That the “evergreen maiden” grows on rocks with dead leaves is too poetic not to exploit.
  • This plant treats “hydrophobia,” which obviously encompasses rabies and, by extension, lycanthropy. This could also set up antagonism between the “maiden” in “maidenhair” and the beast-vehicle for rabies, suggesting rapaciousness.
  • “Hydrophobia” could be expanded in novel form, allowing things that do not mix with water to mix. This could include mixing water and oil, or, in a greater extreme, something like fire (such as a torch underwater) or stone (instant concrete from a solid stone).
  • Cancer treatment suggestions could translate to other more metaphorical cancers, such as cultural or spiritual rot.
  • Sedative properties could be used in swarm magic (related to its hypnotic effect on mice) or could make pests easier to catch. Further, this could hypothetically be employed on humans via mixing in the wine supply or, more abstractly, in suffumigation.

Image Refs

( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiantum_venustum#/media/File:Adiantum_venustum.jpg )

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BRAKE

Genus: Pteris
Family: Pteridaceae
Names: 

  • Brake
  • Adlerfarn [German]
  • Brake Fern
  • Falguera [Catalan]
  • Felce Aquilina [Italian]
  • Feto [Portuguese]
  • Fougère Aigle [French]
  • Helecho Aguila [Spanish]
  • Kilpjalg [Estonian]
  • Kowaowao [Maori]
  • Kupu-Kupu [Indonesian]
  • Orlica [Polish]
  • Ormbunke [Swedish]
  • Orl [Czech]
  • Paprade [Lithuanian]
  • Pérák [Czech]
  • Saniyo [Japanese]
  • Sõnajalg [Estonian]
  • Varen [Dutch]
  • Warabi [Japanese]

Pteris vittata - Argentinien/Argentina, Buenos Aires, San Telmo, Paseo Colón.
Own work -- Franz Xaver

Distribution: Tropical and subtropical cosmopolitan

Symbolism
Names Pteris for the Greek word for the plant (“feathery”), this is a genus of approximately 300 species. 
“Brake” is a Middle English word for “fern,” originating in south England. Thought to be related to “bracken,” which is believed to have been a plural of “brake,” though the etymology is unsure.


Compiler Notes

  • There is an obvious linguistic play on the words “brake” the plant, “brake” the mechanism, and “break” the action.

Image Refs

( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pteris#/media/File:Pteris_vittata.jpg )

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Species: Pteris multifida
Names: 

  • Spider Brake
  • Chinese Brake
  • Chinese Lace Fern
  • Clawed Brake
  • Enredadera de Jardín [Spanish]
  • Fougère D'araignée [French]
  • Helecho Araña [Spanish]
  • Inoshishi-Shida [Japanese]
  • Jie-Zhi-Jue [Chinese Pinyin]
  • Ladder Brake
  • Spider Fern
  • Táo Xỉ Nhiều Khía [Vietnamese]
  • Warabi-Dokoro [Japanese]
  • Zhi-Zhi-Jue [Chinese Pinyin]

Pteris multifida, Eric LHOTE

Distribution:

  • Asia, East: China (China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast), Japan, Korea, Taiwan
  • Asia, Southeast: Vietnam

Culture
Can control soil pollution.


Compiler Notes

  • Retained primarily for the name.
  • Useful for [spider-related] shenanigans.

Image Refs

( https://bee-paysage.fr/biblioplantes-fiche-plante.php?nomtaxon=Pteris%20multifida )

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Species: Pteris vittata
Names: 

  • Chinese Brake
  • Chinese Ladder Brake
  • Escalera China [Spanish]
  • Fougère échelle [French]
  • Garudapadam [Malayalam]
  • Guan Zhong Jue [Chinese Pinyin]
  • Helecho Escalera [Spanish]
  • Indian Brake Fern
  • Kali Grass
  • Ladder Brake
  • Luo Ti Cao [Chinese]
  • Pak Kut [Cantonese]
  • Paku Wangi [Indonesian]
  • Paku-Paku Laut [Malay]
  • Ribbon Fern
  • San-Shida [Japanese]
  • Shi Wei [Chinese]
  • Silver Fern
  • Tae-Taeng-I [Korean]
  • Tephrochlamys [Ancient Greek]
  • Thach Vi [Vietnamese]
  • Txiv-Qaum-Roob [Hmong]

Pteris vittata from Antalya, Turkey.Own work -- Meteorquake.

Distribution:

  • Africa, Central: Cameroon
  • Africa, Eastern: Burundi, Comoros, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
  • Africa, Northern: Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia
  • Africa, Southern: Botswana, Eswatini, Namibia, South Africa
  • Africa, Western: Cape Verde, Ghana
  • Asia, East: China (China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast), Japan, Taiwan
  • Asia, South: Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka
  • Asia, Southeast: Cambodia, Indonesia (Borneo, Jawa, Lesser Sunda Is., Maluku, Sulawesi, Sumatera), Laos, Malaysia (Malaya), Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam
  • Asia, West: Cyprus, Lebanon, Oman, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, Yemen
  • Europe, Southern: Greece (including Crete), Italy (including Sicily), Spain
  • Europe, Western: France
  • Oceania: Australia (New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Victoria, Western Australia), Fiji, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu

Culture
It can control soil pollution, specifically known as a hyper-accumulator of arsenic.


Compiler Notes

  • Retained for name and distribution.
  • “Brake” use of generic Pteris, along with any symbolic associations or turn of phrase associated with “ladder.”
  • One could use this as a curse to hinder one's progress on the ladder of power or on the path of enlightenment.
  • It may be an emblem of personal sacrifice, absorbing the abuse of the household or village to shield the next generation and leave them a better place to live.
  • As “silver fern,” it could be used to substitute for silver in magical action against threats like lycanthropes.

Image Refs

( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pteris_vittata_from_Antalya_city_in_Turkey_07.jpg )

* * * * * * *


See Also:

Prestigious Plants

Other Ferns

* * * * * * *

Sources:

-Apelian, Nicole, and Claude Davis. The Lost Book of Herbal Remedies : The Healing Power of Plant Medicine. 2021.

-Higley, Sarah L. (2007). Hildegard of Bingen’s Unknown Language: An Edition, Translation, and Discussion. Palgrave Macmillan. 

-Roux, Jessica. Floriography: An Illustrated Guide to the Victorian Language of Flowers. Andrews McMeel Publishing, 2020. 

-Skinner, Charles M. “Myths and Legends of Flowers, Trees, Fruits, and Plants : In All Ages and in All Climes : Skinner, Charles M. (Charles Montgomery), 1852-1907 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming.” Internet Archive, Philadelphia : J.B. Lippincott Co., 1 Jan. 1970, https://archive.org/details/mythslegendsoffl00skin. 

( https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.28515530 )
( https://powo.science.kew.org/ )
( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiantum )
( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiantum_aethiopicum )
( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiantum_capillus-veneris )
( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiantum_caudatum )
( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiantum_hispidulum )
( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiantum_reniforme )
( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiantum_venustum )
( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pteridaceae )
( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pteris )
( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pteris_vittata )


Name assistance provided by Claude 3.5 Sonnet.

Prestigious Plants - Gymnosperms - Conifers 01 - Cypress

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