Prestigious Plants - Ranunculaceae 03 - Adonis, Anemone, and Pasque

Plant Indices

• Alphabetical Index (Genera)
• Alphabetical Index (Vernacular)
• Cladistic Index

 Genera:

• Adonis
• Anemone
• Pulsatilla

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ADONIS (Adonis)

Family: Ranunculaceae

Adonis vernalis as depicted by Walther Müller, Carl Friedrich Schmidt (*1812),
Published in Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen.

Asia, East

• Chinese: Ai Lian, Huo Yan Cao, Xue Dian

• Japanese: Fukujusou

Asia, West

• Arabic: Adunis

• Persian: Zanan Adunis

• Turkish: Yabani Hakiki

Europe, Central

• Czech: Kokoska

• German: Adonisröschen, Feuerröslein, Feuriges Adonisröschen, Teufelsauge

• Hungarian: Adónisz

• Polish: Fałszywy Miłek, Goryczka, Kokorycz, Miłek, Wiosenna Adonis

Europe, Eastern

• Albanian: Varnite

• Croatian: Ljubicica

• Lithuanian: Zvaigsduné

• Russian: Goritsvet, Petushki

• Slovenian: Ognjicek

• Ukrainian: Goritsvit, Vesnyanka

Europe, Southern

• Catalan: Adoniso

• Italian: Adonide

• Portuguese: Adónis

• Spanish: Adónis

Europe, Western

• English: Adonis, Adonis Flower, Bird's Eye, Flame Flower, Pheasant's Eye

• French: Adonite, Fleur D'adonis, Goutte De Sang, Oeil-de-faisan, Rose A Rubis, Rose De L'adonis

• Africa, Northern: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia

• Asia, Central: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia (Altay, Tuva, West Siberia), Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Xinjiang

• Asia, East: China, Japan, Korea, Russia (Amur, Buryatiya, Chita, Irkutsk, Khabarovsk, Krasnoyarsk, Kuril Islands, Primorye, Sakhalin, Yakutiya)

• Asia, South: Afghanistan, East Himalaya, Nepal, Pakistan

• Asia, Western: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tibet, Turkey, Yemen

• Europe, Central: Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Switzerland

• Europe, Eastern: Albania, Belarus, Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine

• Europe, Northern: Russia, Sweden

• Europe, Southern: Greece, Italy, Portugal (Madeira), Spain (Baleares, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily)

• Europe, Western: Belgium, France

A genus of flowers in the family Ranunculaceae, compose of 20-30 species. They typically grow 10-40cm (3.9-15.7in) in height, with feathery leaves. The flowers tend to come in the colors red, yellow, and orange.

Ancient peoples conflated this with the Anemone, so what is here is largely true of the Anemone, and vice-versa.

Resurrection
Named for the mythical Greek youth who was lover of Aphrodite and Persephone. The handsome youth was gored by a boar possessed by the jealous Ares, and Aphrodite wept over his grave. Supposedly these flowers rose from the goddess's tears.

In Metamorphoses, Ovid identified the flower from this story with the closely related Anemone. In this telling, the flower rose from nectar Aphrodite sprinkled on Adonis's blood.

In any case, the flower is associated with resurrection.

Modern/Victorian Flower Language
Per Greenaway, the adonis or pheasant's eye means sorrowful remembrance or painful recollection.

Like most plants in family Ranunculaceae, pheasant eyes tend to be poisonous.

A rare pied Adonis in Behbahan, Iran.

• Both the "eye" and "pheasant" of the Adonis's other common name are ripe for exploitations. What are the symbolic meanings of a pheasant? Who is the pheasant who is watching?
• Most of our insight into pheasant symbolism is east-Asian. In China it was an Imperial emblem, and in Japan the bird was the messenger of Amaterasu. In Europe it was affiliated with the Phoenix. Solar/Imperial symbolism predominates. The pheasant's eye flower could easily be interpreted as the eyes of the servant of the sun god, or those of the imperial spy master. This could be interpreted as either an emblem of courtly espionage, or of the futility of intrigue.
• From the above, the presence of a pheasant's eye in the table arrangement at a formal event, or in a personal message, would mean "You are being watched."
• "Flame Flower" makes it an obvious reagent for [fire] spells.

Autumn Adonis (Adonis annua)

Adonis annua

Asia, East

• Chinese: Xue Dian

Asia, West

• Arabic: Qatrat Ad-Dam, Shaqaeq An-Nu'man

• Turkish: Yabani Haşhaş, Yillik Adonis

Europe, Central

• German: Feuriges Adonisröschen, Herbst-Adonisröschen, Herbstadonis

• Hungarian: Őszi Hérics, Patkányfarkfű

• Polish: Fałszywy Miłek Roczny, Jesienny Miłek, Miłek Letni

Europe, Eastern

• Estonian: Kokaravapapu

• Russian: Goritsvit Osenniy, Petushki, Verkhnyaya Adonis

• Serbian: Gorocvet Odnogodisnji

• Slovenian: Ognjiček

Europe, Northern

• Danish: Devil's Eyes, Fårøje, Satans Øje

• Finnish: Keisarinsilmä, Syyskesäadonis

• Icelandic: Náttafrú

• Norwegian: Høstadonis

• Swedish: Djävulsöga, Höst-Adonis

Europe, Southern

• Catalan: Fuseriol

• Corsican: Rainunculu Di Prati

• Italian: Uoco Di Diavolo

• Maltese: Ful Bin-Nar

• Portuguese: Adonis Vermelha

• Spanish: Adonis De Otoño, Hierba Del Chucho, Ojo De Cernícalo, Ojo De Perdiz

Europe, Western

• English: Autumn Adonis, Autumn Bird's Eye, Autumn Pheasant's Eye, Blooddrops, Corn Adonis, Fall Pheasant's Eye, Fiery Adonis, Poet's Narcissus, Redsoldier, Red Chamomile, Red Morocco, Rose-A-Ruby, Rose Of Plymouth, Soldiers-in-Green, Sweet Vernal

• French: Adonis D'automne, Oeil-De-Faisan

• Africa, Northern: Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia

• Asia, West: Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria, Turkey

• Europe, Central: Switzerland

• Europe, Eastern: Bulgaria

• Europe, Southern: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece (Crete, East Aegean Islands), Italy (Sardinia, Sicily), Montenegro, North Macedonia, Portugal, Serbia, Spain (Balearic Islands)

• Europe, Western: France (Corsica)

Autumn Adonis is an herbaceous annual that blooms in autumn.

This is the holotype of the genus (though A. aestivalis holds the advantage of medical use). It shared its name (and is therefore interchangeable with) the bird's-eye primrose (Primula farinosa)

Leaves and roots are poisonous to humans and livestock.

• "Corn Adonis" is an obvious reference to its habit in cultivated fields, but the name lends itself to jokes about lowered expectations, similar to the joke, "She's a New York 6, but a Minnesota 10."
• "Soldiers-in-Green" could be taken as a literal reference to soldiers of the green, meaning faeries. This Adonis might be used as an indicator for the presence of a faerie barracks.
• As "poet's narcissus," it could be used disparagingly to signify the vanity of creative endeavors. It might also be used as disparaging commentary about the recipient poet's muse.
• "Red Chamomile" connects it to the soporific qualities of [Chamomile] with the color red. This suggests it might be used to give someone violent or enraging dreams, or to sink them into a sleep of rage. This second option might be used to curse someone into a fugue state where they murder their loved ones.
• The name "rose-a-ruby" connects them both to the [rose] and the [ruby], which gives a lot of material to work with.
• The name "blooddrops" might be employed in reverse-sympathy curse to induce bleeding.

False Hellebore (Adonis vernalis)

Adonis vernalis

Asia, East

• Chinese: Xue Dian, Zhu Ye Lian

Asia, West

• Arabic: Adunis Rabiei

• Persian: Zanan Adunis Rabiei

Europe, Central

• Czech: Jarní Hlaváček

• German: Frühlings-Adonisröschen

• Hungarian: Főnixrózsa, Patkányfarkfű, Tavaszi Hérics

• Polish: Boginka, Goryczka, Milek Wiosenny, Wiosenna Adonis

• Slovak: Rantunkulové Oči, Zoltý Hlaváčik

Europe, Eastern

• Bulgarian: Kichitske

• Estonian: Kukelavsed

• Latvian: Svaig Adonis

• Russian: Gornitsvet, Goricsvet Vesenniy, Vesenniy Goritsvet

• Serbian: Zlata Kapica

• Slovenian: Ognjiček

Europe, Northern

• Finnish: Kevätruusuleinikki

• Icelandic: Páskafífilsrós

• Norwegian: Våradelonis

• Swedish: Våradonis

Europe, Southern

• Italian: Adonis Vernale, Adonide Gialla, Pomposa, Raperonzolo

• Portuguese: Margarida Amarela, Narcisso Selvagem, Vernalina

• Spanish: Ojo De Perdiz, Ojo De Perdiz Amarillo

Europe, Western

• Dutch: Osterkruid, Voorjaarsadonis

• English: False Hellebore, Early Spring Adonis, Easter Flower, Ox-eye, Spring Adonis, Spring Pheasant's Eye, Sweet Vernal, Vernal Adonis, Yellow Adonis, Yellow Eye, Yellow Pheasant's Eye

• French: Adonis De Printemps, Adonis Printanier, Chrysanthème Des Blés, Goutte De Sang

• Asia, Central: Kazakhstan

• Asia, Northern: Russia (Altay, Central European Russia, Chita, East European Russia, Krasnoyarsk, Krym, North Caucasus, South European Russia, West Siberia, Yakutskiya)

• Europe, Central: Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Switzerland

• Europe, Eastern: Belarus, Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine

• Europe, Northern: Sweden

• Europe, Southern: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Italy, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, Spain

Perennial flowering plant found in dry meadows and steppes , including open forests, clearing, dry meadows, and anywhere with calcareous soil. Despite its wide range, it is found primarily in the Pannonian/Carpathian Basin and the plains of western Siberia.

The flowers grow up to 8cm (3.1in) across, with up to 20 bright yellow petals. It blooms from April to May.

We are not a medical website, do not take health advice from us.

This plant has a history in both European and Chinese folk medicine. In modern medicine it's recognized for producing cardiac glycosides and some active flavones that demonstrate antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, and anti-allergic properties.

Anti-Inflammatory/Diuretic
The Soviet Union prescribed this plant as a treatment for edema and kidney diseases. This followed a long tradition of folk medicine where the arterial portions of the plant were imbibed in aqueous infusion.

Cardiac Health
Potent cardiostimulant, has been used historically for this purpose. The aqueous infusions used in folk medicine were used to treat cardiac edema and other heart issues. The first modern doctor to recommend alcoholic extracts of this plant in the literature was Russian doctor N. O. Buhnow in 1879.

The cardiac glycosides produced by this plant have simultaneous stimulant and sedative qualities, and are typically prescribed for treating irregular heartbeat or to lower heart rate.

Practitioners of modern folk medicine prescribe tincture of this plant for congestive heart failure the same way they prescribe digitalis toxin.

Malaria
In aqueous solution this plant was used to treat malaria (no idea as to its supposed effectiveness).

Bekherev's Mixture
In 1898, Russian doctor Vladimir Bekherev promoted a mixture of false hellebore with sodium bromide or codeine to treat heart disease, panic disorders, dystonia, and some mild forms of epilepsy.

Contains poisonous cardiostimulants adonidin and aconitic acid. Its action is similar to digitalis.

• Because this is "false hellebore," it has all the associations of [hellebore], with the additional layer of deception.
• The name "ox-eye" connects it to [daisies] in the [Aster] family.
• As a cardiostimulant, it makes a good reagent for spells of love, sexual potency, or athletic performance.

North African Adonis (Adonis microcarpa)

Adonis microcarpa

Africa, Northern

• Arabic: Adonis Saghir, Qatrat Ad-Dam Saghira

Asia, Northern

• Russian: Goritsvit Melkoplodnyy

Asia, West

• Turkish: Küçük Meyveli Adonis

Europe, Central

• German: Feuriges Adonisröschen, Kleinfrüchtiges Adonisröschen

• Hungarian: Adonis Tengerifüve

• Polish: Adonis Zu Owocu, Drobnoowocowy Miłek, Mały Miłek

Europe, Eastern

• Lithuanian: Zvaigsduné Smulkiavaisé

Europe, Southern

• Catalan: Regliss De Muntanya

• Greek: Adonis Mikrokarpos

• Italian: Adonide Minore, Ranuncolo Dei Campi

• Spanish: Adonis De Flor Pequeña, Adonis De Fruto Pequeño, Adonis Pequeña

Europe, Western

• English: North African Adonis, Desert Pheasant's Eye, Mediterranean Pheasant's Eye, Smallfruit Adonis, Smallfruit Pheasant's Eye, Southern Pheasant's Eye

• French: Adonis Microcarpe, Petite Adonis, Petite Goutte De Sang

• Africa, Northern: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia

• Asia, Northern: Russia (Krym)

• Asia, West: Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria, Turkey

• Europe, Southern: Greece (East Aegean Islands), Italy (Sardinia, Sicily), Portugal, Spain (Balearic Islands, Canary Islands)

• Europe, Western: France

Annual herb that grows up to 50cm (19.6in)

• Retained for name and distribution.

Pyrenean Adonis (Adonis pyrenaica syn. Adonis chrysocyathus)

Adonis pyrenaica

Asia, East

• Chinese: Xue Dian Jin Bei

Asia, Northern

• Russian: Goritsvet Pireneiskiy

Europe, Central

• German: Adonisröschen Der Pyrenäen, Pyrenäen-Adonisröschen

• Hungarian: Pirenei Adonis

• Polish: Miłek Pirenejski, Żółty Miłek

Europe, Southern

• Basque: Adonis Pirenaika

• Catalan: Adonis Pirinenc

• Latin: Chrysocyathus

• Spanish: Adonis Pirenaica, Adonis Pirenaico, Ojo De Perdiz De Montaña

Europe, Western

• Dutch: Gouden Adonis, Pyreneese Adonis

• English: Pyrenean Adonis, Golden-Cup Adonis, Mountain Pheasant's Eye, Pheasant's Eye Of The Pyrenees, Pyrenean Pheasant's Eye, Yellow Pheasant's Eye

• French: Adonis Des Pyrénées, Adonis Pyrénéen, Chrysocyathe, Coupe D'or, Oeil De Paon

• Asia, Central: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Tibet, Uzbekistan

• Asia, East: China (Xinjiang)

• Asia, South: Nepal, Pakistan

Rare herbaceous annual that grows from 10-30cm (3.9-11.8in), with flowers that grow 5-7cm (2.0-2.8in) across. It grows at altitudes between 1,300-2,400m (4,300-7.900ft).

• Retained for name and distribution.

Summer Adonis (Adonis aestivalis)

Adonis aestivalis

Africa, Northern

• Arabic: Ayn Al-Deek, Kaf El-Dheeb, Qatrat Ad-Dam, Shaqaeq An-Nu'man

Asia, East

• Chinese: Xia Ji Xue Dian, Zhangfang

Asia, Northern

• Russian: Goritsvit Letniy, Ognichek Letni

Asia, West

• Turkish: Yabani Haşhaş, Yaz Adonis Çiçeği, Yaz Adonisi

Europe, Central

• German: Adonisröschen, Feurige Adonis, Klatschmohn, Rote Adonisröschen, Sommer-Adonisröschen

• Hungarian: Nyári Hérics

• Polish: Miłek Letni, Tulipanówka

Europe, Eastern

• Albanian: Geturkide

• Estonian: Kokaravapapu, Vere Adonis

• Lithuanian: Zvaigsduné

• Serbian: Letnji Gorocvet

• Slovenian: Ognjiček

• Ukrainian: Vesnyanka Letnaya

Europe, Northern

• Finnish: Kesähanhikki, Kesän Adonis

• Swedish: Sommar-adonis

Europe, Southern

• Basque: Aptegario

• Galician: Foveios

• Italian: Goccia Di Sangue, Ranoncolo Dei Campi

• Spanish: Gotas De Sangre, Hierba Del Conejo, Ojo De Perdiz

Europe, Western

• Dutch: Flos Adonis, Vuurbaak, Zomeradonis

• English: Summer Adonis, Aestival Pheasant's Eye, Blood Drops, Burning Love, Flaming Adonis, Flaming Pheasant's Eye, Flemish Flower, Goose Blobs, Herb Margaret, Öland's Rose, Red Chamomile, Red Morocco, Rose-A-Ruby, Summer Pheasant's Eye

• French: Adonide D'été, Adonis Estival, Adonis D'été, Adonis Rouge, Anémone Couleur De Feu, Goutte De Sang

• Africa, Northern: Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia

• Asia, Central: Tajikistan, Turkmenistan

• Asia, East: China (Xinjiang)

• Asia, Northern: Russia (East European Russia, Krym, North Caucasus, South European Russia)

• Asia, South: Afghanistan, Nepal, Pakistan

• Asia, West: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria, Turkey

• Europe, Central: Austria, Germany, Hungary, Switzerland

• Europe, Eastern: Belarus, Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine

• Europe, Southern: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, Italy (Sardinia, Sicily), Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, Spain (Balearic Islands)

• Europe, Western: France (Corsica)

Summer Adonis is an annual herb and medicinal that grows up to 25cm (10in) tall. The stems are erect, with radially symmetrical flowers that are orange to red in color, each with a black spot at its base. Each flower produces anywhere from 50 to 100 seeds.

Based on the name, it presumably blooms in summer.

We are not a medical website, do not take health advice from us.

This plant has a history in traditional European folk medicine. It it typically imbibed by drying the plant out and then combining it with water to make a tonic.

Respiratory Issues
Was prescribed to treat coughs and spasms of the diaphram.

UT Health
Pheasant's eye is a diuretic.

Sleep Aid
Pheasant's eye was used as a soporific.

Cardiovascular Health
This plant is a stimulant that was used to treat weak hearts. In Iran it was a folk remedy for heart disease.

Joint Health
In Iran it has been used to treat rheumatism.

This is a poisonous weed that invades alfalfa fields and contaminates horse hay. Thankfully, grazing animals generally avoid this plant.

This plant contains cardenolides, which are a class of cardiac glycosides. Overdosing on the stimulant can cause paralysis of the heart by overexciting the cardiac nerves and increasing arterial tension.

Other symptoms of overconsumption include diarrhea and vomiting.

• "Blooddrops" is an obvious reference to Ovid's story of Adonis
• "Rose-a-ruby" connects this to ruby symbolism. Following on front the logic of carbuncles, this could be used as a temporary magical light source.
• Its name "red chamomile" pairs its color with its soporific quality. Combine that and the name "blood drops" and its cardiotoxic qualities, it suggests a "red sleep" (an obvious euphemism for murder). Unsure which would make more sense here, its use as a magical reagent or as an assassin's signature.

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ANEMONE (Anemone)

Family: Ranunculaceae
Species: Anemone coronaria

Anemones

Asia, East

• Chinese: Caoguo, Du Juan Hua, Hua Fu Rong, Lu Mao Cao, Shao Cao, Shui Mei Hua

• Japanese: Bukezazaran, Kiusau, Sakura, Tōgeshirin

Asia, Southeast

• Filipino: Tokilon

• Malay: Bunga Angin

• Vietnamese: Bong Gio, Hoa Hai Quy

Asia, West

• Arabic: Azraq Al-na'man, Kukorodin, Neman, Nu'man, Rahka, Shaqaiq, Shaqaiq An-Numan, Shaqiq Al Nu'man

• Hebrew: Kalanit, Kalanit Metzuya

• Persian: Gagea, Lalü

• Turkish: Gelinbarmağı, Gül Düğün Çiçeği

Europe, Central

• Czech: Pavolka, Pluktanecnik, Sasanka, Tremdava, Větrnice, Větrník

• German: Europaische Kuhschelle, Karpatenglockchen, Kuchenschelle, Mandelroschen, Mohnahnliche Anemone, Rote Anemone, Windblume

• Hungarian: Fuggovirag, Szellőrózsa

• Polish: Milek, Mniszek, Sasanka, Wedrówka, Zawilec

• Slovak: Parnolístok

Europe, Eastern

• Bulgarian: Anemona

• Croatian: Veternica

• Estonian: Tõlvlill, Ülke

• Lithuanian: Skabiosa

• Romanian: Flori De Pasti, Florile Pastelui, Martisor

• Russian: Anemon, Togo, Vetrenica, Vetrenichka

Europe, Northern

• Danish: Stjerneskarm

• Icelandic: Blå Blásitur, Blásitur

• Finnish: Kelopaivakakkara

• Norwegian: Vindros

• Swedish: Vindblomma

Europe, Southern

• Greek: Anemomylos, Papagalo

• Italian: Anemoneae, Fior Della Trinita

• Maltese: Fejirdan

• Portuguese: Anêmona, Jabotica

• Spanish: Anémona, Corona De Cristo, Flor De Pascua, Flor Del Viento, Pascuetta

Europe, Western

• Dutch: Paarse Anemoon, Toverbol

• English: Anemone, Anemoni, Anemoon, Animon, Animona, Blood-Drops-of-Christ, Common Bride, Coronaria, Cow Bell, Crown Anemone, Crown Windflower, Easter Flower, Garden Anemone, Geum, Herb Trinity, Lily Of The Field, Little Wind Rose, Mediterranean Crowfoot, Nea'man, Nemorosa, Pheasant's Eye, Pieces of Nu'man, Poppy Anemone, Ranunculaceæ, Spanish Marigold, St. Bridget's Flower, Thimble-Weed, Windflower, Wood Anemone, Wounds of Nu'man, Zephyr Flower

• French: Ane, Anemone Des Fleuristes, Coquelourde, Sylvie

• Africa, Central: Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda

• Africa, Eastern: Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania

• Africa, Northern: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia

• America, North: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Labrador, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, Nunavut, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon), Mexico, United States (Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming)

• America, South: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay

• Asia, Central: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia (Altay, Tuva, West Siberia), Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Xinjiang

• Asia, East: China, Japan, Korea, Russia (Amur, Buryatiya, Chita, Irkutsk, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Krasnoyarsk, Kuril Islands, Magadan, Primorye, Sakhalin, Yakutiya), Taiwan

• Asia, South: Afghanistan, India (Assam), Nepal, Pakistan

• Asia, Southeast: Indonesia (Sumatra), Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Vietnam

• Asia, Western: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria, Tibet, Turkey

• Europe, Central: Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Switzerland

• Europe, Eastern: Albania, Belarus, Bulgaria, Romania, Russia, Ukraine

• Europe, Northern: Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden

• Europe, Southern: France (Corsica), Greece, Italy (Sardinia, Sicily), Portugal, Spain (Baleares)

• Europe, Western: Belgium, France, England, Ireland, Scotland

• Oceania: Juan Fernández Islands

• Africa, Northern: Algeria, Egypt (Sinai), Libya, Tunisia

• Asia, West: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria, Turkey

• Europe, Eastern: Bulgaria

• Europe, Southern: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece (Crete, East Aegean Islands), Italy (Sardinia, Sicily), Montenegro, North Macedonia, Portugal, Serbia, Spain (Balearic Islands)

• Europe, Western: France (Corsica)

Our (admittedly limited) research only dug up one species of Old-World Anemone worth documenting, Anemone coronaria.

Anemone coronaria is an herbaceous perennial tuber that grows 20-40cm (7.9-15.7in) tall, sometimes up to 60cm (24in). Its flowers are 3-8cm in diameter 5-8 petal-like sepals that are typically red but can appear in white or blue, with a black center. These flowers bloom from April to June.

Anemone coronaria

Chloris and Zephyr
Skinner tells a German legend of the nymph/faerie Chloris, who had a maid in her court named Anemone. Chloris's lover Zephyrus, god of the West Wind, who caused flowers and fruits to spring from the earth by his breath, took a fancy to the maid. Chloris, afraid that her lover was going to ask for Anemone's hand, drove the girl from her court.

Zephyrus found the girl distraught, and being distraught found her poor company. Losing interest and realizing he needed to make peace with his lover Chloris, Zephyr abandoned Anemone, but turned her into the flower before leaving.

Christ's Passion
Anemone was identified as one of the flowers springing on Golgotha the evening of Christ's crucifixion. In folklore, it was held to have been white before the blood of the Son of God fell upon it. It has remained red ever since.

Herb Trinity
This plant earned the nickname "herb trinity," as its triple-leaves were used by the fathers of the Church to explain the trinitarian Godhead by analogy, in much the same way that Saint Patrick supposedly used the shamrock in Ireland.

Fertility
Anemones decorated the altars of Venus, as they were tokens of her love to Adonis.

Wind
English folk belief was that these flowers opened at the first mild breeze of spring.

Death
According to Skinner, the Chinese associated these flowers with grief, suffering, and death, and regarded these flowers as dangerous. This attitude was shared by the Egyptians, apparently because of the association between its color and disease. As a result, in Eastern cultures it is generally a symbol of ill-omen.

Common Bride
The Hebrew name, kalanit metzuya, means "common bride." The Hebrews associated its beauty with that of a bride on her wedding day.

Modern/Victorian Flower Language
The anemone carries the dual meanings of love and grief that are conveyed in the Adonis myth. As the windflower or zephyr flower it means "sincerity" and "expectation," but also "sickness" and "foresaken love." According to Tressider it's a symbol of patience, transience of life, fragility, grief, death, and virginity. Tressider claims all this symbolism stems from the flower's ephemeral nature (far from unique), its scarlet petals (blood/death), and its wind/breath associations.

Etymology
It appears, etymologically, that this plant is Adonis by another name. The Adonis of Greek myth has his origins in the Sumerian fertility god Tammuz, whom the Phoenicians called "Nea'man." The Arabic name for this plant is shaqa'iq An-Nu'man, or "wounds/pieces of Nu'man." "Nu'man" appears to be an obvious cognate of "Nea'man," and "An-Nu'man" appears to have entered the Greek language through Syriac, becoming Anemone.

An alternate hypothesis is that they are associated with the last of the Lakhmid kings of Al-Hirah, the Christian Arab king An-Nu'man III Bin Al-Munthir. Supposedly, he protected these flowers during his reign, and they grew on his grave after his death, mirroring the Adonis narrative.

This compiler's conjecture is that this king was originally named for An-Nu'man the fertility god, and an number of combinations of natural mix up in the oral tradition and intentional conflation could have occurred to meld the narratives together, and that the flower is named for the deity.

These were carried to ward off pests such as mosquitoes, disease, and more generally as an apotropaic.

Fairy Shelter
Skinner relays the belief that this flower was a faerie shelter, due to its habit of curling up as night or a storm approached, protecting a perceived occupant. He also said that in the tradition those innocent true believers in faerie-kind can listen at such a time that the anemone curls and hear a fine, high music that resembled the harmonized hum of bees.

A blue A. coronaria

• Here the "blood drops" which could have been a reference to Adonis is fully Christianized. Like many other small red flowers, it has been attributed the just-so story of having sprout from the blood of Christ shed during the Crucifixion.
• As "herb trinity," this plant is an emblem of the Godhead. For the knowledgeable Christian, this plant might well be availed of as an abjuring referent as effective as a crucifix.
• One might menace a spirit of winter with windflowers, the sorcerer threatening to breathe on them and prematurely bring forth the spring.
• The name "Nea'man," if the pagan origin name of "An-Nu'Man" is correct, suggests reconciliation of a heathen god with the Christian Godhead, of the same sort we see in the Irish St. Brigid, whose origin is a pagan goddess of the same name.
• The windflower has a resurrection dimension, and so is an effective reagent in resuscitation. If the caster can get an unopened windflower beneath the nose of the non-breathing patient and compel it to open, it must stand to reason that the flower opened by the breath of the patient's spring wind, working backwards to force the patient's breathing into reality.
• As "thumbleweed," it could be interpreted to protect the "fingers" of the magician from the needle/thorn/barb of malevolent or defensive magic.
• As "windflower," an obvious reagent for [air] magic.

* * * * * * *

PASQUE FLOWER (Pulsatilla)

Family: Ranunculaceae

Pulsatilla nuttalliana

Asia, East

• Japanese: Kurenda, Kurendesō, Tokitengusa

Europe, Central

• Czech: Koniklec, Velikonoční Zvony

• German: Bergman, Hasenglockchen, Kuechenschelle, Kuhschelle, Küchenschelle, Leberblümchen, Osterblume, Ostern Glocke, Pelzanemone, Schlafsack, Schlotterblume, Teufelsbart

• Hungarian: Sípvirág

• Polish: Boginkawa, Koniklepa, Przepęd, Sasanka

• Slovak: Zvončky

Europe, Eastern

• Belarusian: Son-Chajča

• Croatian: Proljeska

• Romanian: Pulsatilă

• Russian: Sun-chaitsa

• Serbian: Zimzelen

• Ukrainian: Kyxica

Europe, Northern

• Danish: Blodurt, Flojlsblomst, Påskeblomst, Påskekær

• Estonian: Kohupiip

• Finnish: Konnitsa, Kuklikka

• Icelandic: Blásitur

• Norwegian: Harkelok, Kakost, Påskebjelle

• Swedish: Backsippa, Klocksippa, Påskklocka, Vattenblomma

Europe, Southern

• Catalan: Grandalla

• Greek: Daktyloriza

Europe, Western

• Dutch: Helmbloem, Kievitsbloem, Prérieclokje

• English: Pasque Flower, Alpine Bells, Dream Bells, Easter Flower, Lady Bells, Meadow Anemone, Meadow Bells, Nodding Bells, Prairie Crocus, Squirrel Cups, Windflower

• French: Pulsatille

• America, North: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Ontario, Saskatchewan, Yukon), United States (Alaska, California, Colorado, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming)

• Asia, Central: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia (Altay, Tuva, West Siberia), Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Xinjiang

• Asia, East: China, Japan, Korea, Russia (Amur, Buryatiya, Chita, Irkutsk, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Krasnoyarsk, Kuril Islands, Magadan, Primorye, Sakhalin, Yakutiya)

• Asia, South: Afghanistan, Pakistan

• Asia, Western: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Turkey

• Europe, Central: Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Switzerland

• Europe, Eastern: Albania, Belarus, Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine

• Europe, Northern: Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Sweden

• Europe, Southern: France (Corsica), Greece, Italy, Spain

• Europe, Western: Belgium, France, England, Scotland

Extinct in:

• Europe, Northern: Netherlands

Pulsatilla is a genus of about 40 herbaceous perennials that have long been conflated with Anemone. They are named "pasque flower" from the Hebrew pasakh, referencing the Passover/Easter period in which they bloom.

It should be noted that the showy part of this flower is not the petals but the sepals.

Victorian Flower Language
Our vaguer sources identify this flower as meaning "unpretentious," while Greenaway gives the more particular "You have no claims." It's unclear whether the sender is telling the recipient, "You have no claim on me," or something more positive, such as, "Despite your lack of title, inheritance, or prospects, I still love you."

We are not a medical website, do not take health advice from us.

These flowers have a history of use by Native Americans going back centuries. The Blackfoot are among those with an explicit historical record.

Abortifacient/Labor Inducer
The Blackfoot are known for having used the pasque flower to induce abortions and to induce birth contractions in pregnancies brought to full term.

Reproductive Issues
Extracts of pasque flower has been used to treat problems in both sexes. In women it was used to treat PMS cramps, and in men it treated inflammation of the epididymis.

Respiratory Issues
Pasque flower extract has seen use as a respiratory sedative to treat coughs.

Pulsatilla cernua

Like many Ranunculates, pasque flower is toxic. Symptoms of pasque flower toxicity include:

• Diarrhea
• Vomiting
• Convulsions
• Hypotension
• Coma

Due to its above abortifacient qualities, it is not recommended for pregnant women, and its general toxicity can be transferred to infants by nursing mothers.

• A cruel thought, but this plant's abortifacient qualities could be paired with the Victorian meaning of "you hold no claims." This could be sent as a message to a mistress as a way to tell her to abort, or a declaration that the offspring will not be recognized as legitimate.
• In the magical dimension of the above, acceptance of a message containing this flower could be laundered into a magical acceptance of its malefic premise, resulting in the recipient miscarrying.
• The coma symptom could be tied to Easter and Christ's resurrection after three days dead.
• The flower's emblematic meaning of "unpretentious" could be employed to convey one has set aside title, expectation, and all else to approach another honestly. This could be interpersonal, or it could be devotional, such as a wealthy man approaching God or a saint for intercession in complete humility.
• The name "dream bells" suggest this could be a reagent to induce sleep (ringing the call to dream) or to call someone out of a coma (a bell that can be heard in dreams). This is reinforced by the "nodding" habit of the flower, which suggests "nodding off."

Common Pasque Flower (Pulsatilla vulgaris)

Pulsatilla vulgaris

Europe, Central

• Czech: Koniklec, Koniklec Obecný, Páskvěta

• German: Echte Kuhschelle, Gewohnliche Kuchenschelle, Gewöhnliche Kuhschelle, Kleine Kuhschelle, Kuhschelle, Küchenschelle, Leberblümchen, Lila Kuhschelle, Osterglocke, Teufelsbart

• Hungarian: Tavaszi Kökörcsin

• Polish: Koniklepa Zwyczajna, Przeplatka, Sasanka Zwyczajna

• Slovak: Zvonček

Europe, Eastern

• Russian: Zanovetnik

Europe, Northern

• Danish: Almindelig Kobjælde, Flojlsblomst, Påskeurt

• Finnish: Kattanjuola

• Norwegian: Påskebjørn, Vårklokke

• Swedish: Backsippa, Drakblomma, Påsklilja

Europe, Southern

• Greek: Daktylos

• Italian: Pulsatilla Comune

Europe, Western

• Dutch: Harenklokje, Sluupmuts, Stormhoed

• English: Common Pasque Flower, Basque Flower, Brunette, Dane's Blood, Easter Flower, European Pasque Flower, Lady Of The Meadow, Meadow Anemone, Meadow Bell, Purple Pasque Flower, Sleeping Betty, Storm Hood, Wild Crocus, Wildman's Bells, Wildman's Rhubarb, Common Windflower

• French: Coquelourde, Coquerelle, Fleur De Pâques, Fleur Des Dames, Hépatique, Herbe Au Vent, Pélzanémone, Pulsatille Commune, Pulsatille Vulgaire, Violet De Paques

• Europe, Central: Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Switzerland

• Europe, Eastern: Belarus, Romania, Russia (Northwest European Russia, South European Russia), Ukraine

• Europe, Northern: Denmark, Sweden

• Europe, Western: Belgium, England, France

Extinct in:

• Europe, Northern: Finland

• Europe, Western: Netherlands

Biome: Primarily calcareous grasslands.

The common pasque flower is an herbaceous perennial that grows from upright, energy-storing rhizomes that may go as deep as 1m (39in) deep into the soil. It grows between 15-30cm (6-12in) tell, but when fruit bearing may undergo a growth spurt bringing it up to 40cm (16in). Its finely-dissected leaves appear in rosette. The stems and leaves are long, soft, silver-grey, and hairy.

The flowers are distinctly bell-shaped, with purple sepals. They bloom in early spring, and the flowering is followed by many months presenting the plant's distinctly-silky seed heads.

This plant favors calcareous grasslands.

War and Murder
This plant goes by the name "Dane's blood" becauseof the belief that it springs from the earth where the Dane blood seeped into the soil. This belief extends to a Roman source, as it tends to grow on old barrows and boundary banks, which are earthworks that often have Dane or Roman origin and may contain related burials.

We are not a medical website, do not take health advice from us.

Common pasque flower has been attributed many medicinal properties well into the modern day, though even Apelian and Davis point out that there are better plants to use for all identified applications. The urge caution in harvesting due to the fresh plant's toxicity, and to use only small amounts of even prepared materials to avoid potentially lethal overdose.

Apelian and Davis recommend only using flowers and leaves harvested in the early spring (around the time of Easter). They insist on only dried leaves and flowers in medicine preparations, which come in the form of either infusion (tea) or tincture. This is only to be given in carefully prescribed doses. Pregnant women and nursing mothers, if they must use pasque flower, should never consume the infusion or tincture, and only apply it topically.

Given that Apelian and Davis strongly recommend using lemon balm for a number of the ailments below, this compiler strongly discourages any reader from actually using pasque flower unless they knew what they were doing well before approaching this blog.

Properties
Apelian and Nicole identify common pasque flower as being:

• Analgesic
• Anti-inflammatory
• Partial immunostimulant
• Soporific

Skin Problems
Apelian and Davis recommend blending common pasque with an antibiotic or antiviral herb to act as an immunostimulant for skin infections and inflammations.

Menstrual Problems
Identified as effective for:

• Menstrual pain/cramping
• Premenstrual tension
• Restarting menstruation

Menopause
Effective for the following menopause symptoms:

• Headaches
• Hot flashes
• Moodiness

Childbirth
Uterine stimulant, easing childbirth by initiating contraction. For the same reason, it is an abortifacient. However, combined with its analgesic properties, it may also ease labor pain.

Postpartum Depression
Apparently the plant's analgesic and psychoactive properties make it a viable immediate treatment after birth to head off postpartum depression.

Nervous Relaxant
It is credited as effective for treating the following in overstimulated nervous systems:

• Headache
• Insomnia
• Hyperactivity
• Panic
• Schizophrenia
• Senile dementia

Sensory Treatment
This plant is credited with treating:

• Cataracts
• Conjunctivitis
• Glaucoma
• Tics
• Earache
• Hearing loss
• Other inflammation of the ear

Cardiac Health
Common pasque is said to cure:

• Thickening of the heart muscle
• Venous congestion
• Circulatory inflammation

It is advised not to use this on patients suffering from bradycardia (slow heart rate).

Withdrawal Treatment
Apelian and Davis state that common pasque is effective at treating those suffering from withdrawal from:

• Sedatives
• Hypnotics
• Antoconvulsants
• Muscle relaxants

Fresh pasque is skin irritant. When ingested in sufficient quantity it can cause:

• Slowing of the heart
• Seizure
• Coma
• Death

• As the "Dane's blood," its abortifacient properties could be rendered a malefic from beyond the grave, the dead Danes taking the children of good English women as revenge for the St. Brice's Day Massacre of 1002 AD.
• The "wild man" names suggest a connection to the "woodwose," which was characterized by Paracelsus as an elemental spirit of [air]. This dovetails with the Pasque being classed with the Adonis/Anemone "wind flowers."
• "Lady of the Meadow," along with its purple color suggests royalty/nobility. The common pasque is then a good design reference for high-ranking field-faeires (obviously female).

Alpine Pasque Flower (Pulsatilla alpina)

Pulsatilla alpina

Asia, Northern

• Russian: Goricvet Al'piiskii

Europe, Central

• Czech: Koniklec Alpský, Květel Alpský

• German: Alpen-Kuhschelle, Alpenkuhschelle, Bergman, Berg-Küchenschelle, Kuhschelle, Osterblume, Pelzanemone, Teufelbart, Vanilleblume, Weisse Alpenaster

• Hungarian: Tavaszi Hérics

• Polish: Sasanka Alpejska

• Slovak: Malá Nočná Ľalia

Europe, Northern

• Icelandic: Blásitur Fjalla

• Swedish: Alpin Pulsatilla

Europe, Southern

• Italian: Anemone Sulfurea, Pulsatilla Alpina

Europe, Western

• Dutch: Berganemoon, Bergpasque

• English: Alpine Pasque Flower, Alpine Anemone, Alpine Bells, Alpine Windflower, Lady Of The Alps, Mountain Bells, Mountain Pasque Flower, Mountain Thimbleweed, Sulfur Anemone, White Alpine Aster, White Alpine Anemone

• French: Anémone Des Alpes, Anémone Soufrée, Fleur De L'alpe, Fleur Des Alpes, Pas D'âne, Pulsatille Des Alpes, Pulsatille Des Montagnes

• Europe, Central: Austria, Germany, Switzerland

• Europe, Southern: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Italy, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, Spain

• Europe, Western: France (Corsica)

The alpine pasque is an herbaceous perennial that grows from 15-30cm (6-12in) tall, with a rosette 20cm (8in) wide, typically found at altitudes of 1,200-2,700m (3,900-8,900ft).

Unlike most other pasque, which droop, the alpine's flowers tend to uprightness. The hairy leaves of the rosette are deeply divided. Its flowers are white or, occasionally, yellow, with prominent yellow stamens. The flowers bloom early in spring, often while still under snow cover.

• Someone could make a flattering analogy to the morality of mountain people, compared to lowlanders using the uprightness of their pasque flowers as the device.
• As "sulfur anemone," it is connected to the masculine principle of [sulfur].
• The name "Lady of the Alps" suggests this flower could be a point of design reference for the queen or other female ruler of the mountain faerie.

Eastern Pasque Flower (Pulsatilla patens)

Pulsatilla patens

Europe, Central

• Czech: Bochník, Koniklec Otevřený, Prérijní Sasanka, Sasanka Rozkladita, Sasanka Západní, Stepní Koniklec

• German: Europaeische Kuhschelle, Filzhaar, Frauenbart, Glockenblume, Heide-Küchenschelle, Küchenschelle, Offene Kuhschelle, Osterblume, Wiesen-Kuhschelle, Wolfsblume, Wundblume, Zäuerlichrut

• Hungarian: Mogop, Pátens Kökörcsin, Tévellős Kökörcsin

• Polish: Koniklec Otwarty, Leśna Sasanka, Otwarty Koniklec, Polski Sasanka, Rozwarty Sasanka, Sasanka, Sasanka Otwarta

Europe, Eastern

• Belarusian: Pavlik, Starodubka

• Croatian: Stepna Sasa

• Estonian: Harilik Karukell, Puksipill, Taavid, Väikeseõieline Kellukas

• Latvian: Gaši Tēviņš, Kauņu Pulsatilla, Vējaselle

• Lithuanian: Hara Pulsatilla

• Serbian: Belogorička

• Slovenian: Velikonočnica

Europe, Northern

• Danish: Fingerbladet Kobjalde

• Finnish: Basque Flower, Kirkkokello, Kulta-Alpi, Leikattu Kylmanakukka, Leikattu Kylmankukka, Lehtoanemoni, Niittyvilla, Sinivuokko, Siperian Tähtirikko, Sunnuntaikukka

• Norwegian: Kongslys

• Sami: Livornoi

• Swedish: Faltblad Backsippa, Kungsljus, Oppen Backsippa

Europe, Southern

• Basque: Harri-belarr

• French: Fleur De Pâques, Pulsatille Étalée

• Maltese: Leeħ Ta'l-Għoġol

Europe, Western

• Dutch: Bloem Des Windes

• English: Eastern Pasque Flower, Badger Pasque Flower, Blade Pasqueflower, Blue Pasque Flower, Blue Tulip, Bock's Beard, Crocus Anemone, Cutleaf Anemone, European Pasque Flower, May Day Flower, Northern Pasque Flower, Nuttall's Pasqueflower, Ostern Pasque Flower, Pasque Flower, Prairie Anemone, Prairie Crocus, Prairie Smoke, Sleep Root, Small Pasque Flower, Spreading Pasque Flower, Spreading Pulsatilla, Western Pasque Flower, Wild Anemone, Wild Crocus, Wind Anemone

• Asia, Central: Kazakhstan, Mongolia

• Asia, East: China (Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang)

• Asia, Northern: Russia (Altay, Amur, Buryatiya, Central European Russia, Chita, East European Russia, Irkutsk, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Krasnoyarsk, Magadan, North European Russia, Northwest European Russia, South European Russia, Tuva, West Siberia, Yakutskiya)

• Europe, Central: Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia

• Europe, Eastern: Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Ukraine

• Europe, Northern: Finland, Sweden

Skinner tells us the eastern pasque flower was the "dream herb" of the Russian peasantry, which they slept on to acquire auspicious dreams, the same way prophets of the Mediterranean were said to sleep on beds of laurel.

• The name "prairie smoke" blends well with the prophetic application of the plant, suggesting the vent beneath the Oracle at Delphi.
• "Smoke" rising from the ground carries underworld connotations.
• "Sleep root" can be conflated with "the root of sleep," as in the origin. This would make an effective region for cursing someone with eternal sleep.

Greater Pasque Flower (Pulsatilla grandis)

Pulsatilla grandis

Europe, Central

• Czech: Česká Koniklec, Konikleč Velkokvětá, Kosmatec Velecvětý, Sasanka Velikokveta, Východokarpatská Sasanka

• German: Europäische Kuhschelle, Gemeine Küchenschelle, Grosse Kuhschelle, Grosse Küchenschelle, Grossblütige Kuhschelle

• Hungarian: Díszes Kökörcsin, Kalapos Kökörcsin, Leánykökörcsin, Magyar Kökörcsin, Nagylevelű Kökörcsin, Nagyvirágú Kökörcsin, Nagyvirag Kokorocsin

• Polish: Sasanka Wielkokwiatowa

• Slovak: Biela Poniklica, Koniklec Veľkokvetý, Poniklica Veľkokvetá, Velkokveta Poniklec

Europe, Eastern

• Albanian: Gëzonet

• Croatian: Velcovjetni Kosac

• Serbian: Zvončić

• Slovenian: Alpski Kosmatinec, Kosmatinec Velikonocvetni, Velikonocvetni Kosmatinec

Europe, Southern

• Greek: Daktyloriza

• Italian: Pulsatilla Grande, Pulsatilla Maggiore

Europe, Western

• Dutch: Zwitserse Anemoon

• English: Greater Pasque Flower, Alpine Windflower, Balkan Anemone, Carpathian Pasque Flower, Eastern Pasque Flower, Grand Pasque Flower, Great Anemone, Large Pasque Flower, Ostern Pasque Flower, Pannonian Pasque Flower, Pasque Flower, Spring Pasque Flower

• French: Grosse Anemone, Pulsatille De Haller, Pulsatille De Hongrie

• Europe, Central: Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia

• Europe, Eastern: Romania, Ukraine

• Europe, Northern: Sweden

The greater pasque is an herbaceous perennial so named presumably because it is the largest pasque. Its stalks are shielded from the winter cold by velvety hairs. Its flowers are intense blue or violet, and they bloom from February to April.

It grows in calcium-rich soil in dry grasslands, rocky outcrops, and in pine and oak forests (suggesting it's more shade-tolerant than other pasques).

• Retained for names and distribution.

Korean Pasque Flower (Pulsatilla koreana syn. Pulsatilla cernua var. koreana)

Pulsatilla koreana

Asia, East

• Chinese: Bai Tou Weng, Dong Ya Bai Tou Weng, Gu Jing Cao, Han Guo Bai Tou Weng, Yi Du Chun Cao

• Japanese: Asomogi, Kikuzaki-ichige, Kokuboso, Okinagusa

• Korean: Baeknok-maoridong, Baekdusan-maoridong, Hal Pa Kot, Hallasan-maoridong, Halmang-kkot, Halmi-kkot, Maoridong, Moranbong-maoridong, Nakdonggang-maoridong, Namdaemun-maoridong, Paicha Sangchucho, Samcheok-maoridong, Seorak-maoridong, Taeback-maoridong, Yalu-maoridong

Europe, Central

• German: Koreanische Kuhschelle

• Polish: Sasanka Koreanska

Europe, Western

• English: Korean Pasque Flower, Balm Wind Flower, Chinese Pasque Flower, Eastern Pasque Flower, Grandmother Flower, Granny Flower, Korean Anemone, Korean Pulsatilla, Opening Bells, Oriental Pasque Flower, Pasque Flower Of Korea, Plum-Wind Herb, Purple Pasque Flower

• French: Pulsatille De Corée

• Asia, East: North Korea, South Korea

• Asia, Northern: Russia (Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye)

Korean pasque flower is an herbaceous perennial with hairy, tufted stems.

The plant requires well-drained, humus-rich, gritty soil. It is tolerant of acidic, neutral, basic, and even alkaline soil, so long as the soil is moist and meets the prior conditions. It does not tolerate shade well, requiring full sunlight the whole length of the day.

Granny Flower
A Korean folktale tells of a widow who married off her two daughters. The elder daughter who married wealthy lived nearer, and the younger daughter who married poor lived over a mountain.

When the widow became to old to take care of herself, she approached the wealthy daughter, who denied her and kicked her from the house.

The widow then sought out her poor daughter, climbing over the mountains by herself.

The poor daughter found her mother dead near her home. Grief-stricken, she buried her mother nearby, and when spring came by this flower sprouted from the widow's grave, white-haired and hunched just like the old woman. Believing it the reincarnation of the old widow, people began calling it the "granny flower."

We are not a medical website, do not take health advice from us.

Our sources vaguely allude to this being used in traditional Korean medicine.

• Retained for names and distribution.
• This compiler is unsure of the cultural specifics, as to whether this suggests an expectation that the younger sibling will care for the elderly, or it's a more general parable about respecting one's elders.

Nodding Pasque Flower (Pulsatilla cernua)

Pulsatilla cernua

Asia, East

• Chinese: Bai Tou Weng, Chong Bai Tou Wu, Duojiahua, Xia Pu Ti La, Xiang Tou Cao

• Japanese: Asomogi, Byakurenso, Fuyuichige, Kikuzaki-ichige, Kokuboso, Kokuboso-okinagusa, Okinagusa

• Korean: Bajang-maoridong, Heji-maoridong, Keuro-underbari, Tayou-underbari, Underbari

Europe, Western

• English: Alpine Bell, Black Pasqueflower, Cernuous Pasque Flower, Drooping Anemone, Drooping Pasque Flower, Drooping Pulsatilla, Drooping Windflower, Hanging Bell, Hanging Pasque Flower, Hanging Windflower, Heading Bell, Narrowleaf Pasque Flower, Nodding Anemone, Nodding Bell, Nodding Pasque Flower, Nodding Pulsatilla, Nodding Windflower, Pasque Flower, Pendent Anemone, Pendent Pasque Flower, Pendulous Anemone, Pilgrim's Flower, Slippery Root

• French: Pulsatille Penchée

• Asia, East: Japan, North Korea, South Korea, China (Inner Mongolia)

• Asia, Northern: Russia (Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye)

Biome: Sub alpine slopes.

Narrowleaf pasque is an herbaceous perennial that grows to be about 20cm (8in) tall. It generally produces six dark red/purple flowers, blooming from April to May.

It favors the lower regions of mountains and slopes. It requires well-drained, sandy/loamy soil, without particular regard to whether that sandy loam is acidic, basic, or neutral. It can even grow in highly alkaline soil, so long as the other conditions are met.

It does very poorly in shade, and will only be found where it is subject to direct sunlight the whole day.

The roots and leaves are technically edible.

• Following from the observation of the name "sleep root" for the eastern pasque flower, the name "slippery root" may be conflated with "the root of slipperiness," as in the origin. This could be used as a reagent for permanent lubrication for machines, ramp traps, etc.
• The name "hanging bell" is a reference to the plant's nodding habit, but can be conflated to mean "bell that announces a hanging." This would make it a good reagent for curses announcing the target's doom, or at least threats of hanging through informal or institutional means.
• The name "heading bell" similarly can announce a literal or metaphorical beheading (though this might be in battle or judicial execution).
• There is a connection between the name "pendant pasque flower" and the [pentagram] through etymology (pendaculum - pendant and pentacle). Combines with the name "black pasque," it can be framed as a reagent of black magic or sorcery.
• As "hanging windflower," it could be used as a reagent stand-in for the final breath of a condemned man.

Small Pasque Flower (Pulsatilla pratensis)

Pulsatilla pratensis

Europe, Central

• Czech: Bocianí Nůsek, Černohlávek, Gnidoš, Koniklec Luční, Sasanka Černá

• German: Dunkle Kuhschelle, Gewohnliche Wiesen-Kuhschelle, Gewöhnliche Küchenschelle, Kleine Kuhschelle, Kleine Küchenschelle, Lungenblume, Nachtschatten, Osterglocke, Schwarze Kuhschelle, Weideanemone, Wiesen-Kuhschelle, Wiesen-Küchenschelle

• Hungarian: Alföldi Kökörcsin, Fekete Kökörcsin, Livada Kökörcsin, Pratensis Kökörcsin, Rét Kökörcsin, Réti Kökörcsin

• Polish: Kirova Sasanka, Kozia Bródka, Łąkowa Sasanka, Nizinna Pulsatilla, Sasanka Łąkowa

• Slovak: Koniklec Lúčny

Europe, Eastern

• Croatian: Livadska Sasa

• Latvian: Prata Pulsatilla, Smeda Pulsatilla

• Slovenian: Černi Kosmatinec

Europe, Northern

• Danish: Eng-Kobjalde, Engblomme, Gøgeurt, Knollet Kobjalde, Vildmandsurt

• Finnish: Niittykylmankukka, Niittyisovilla

• Icelandic: Flakkabjolla

• Norwegian: Hakelok

• Swedish: Faltad Backsippa, Hårklocka, Svart Backsippa

Europe, Southern

• Latin: Cernua

Europe, Western

• Dutch: Gewone Wildemanskruid, Zwarte Wildemanskruid

• English: Small Pasque Flower, Black Pasque Flower, Blackened Pasque Flower, Dark Pasque Flower, Dusky Pasque Flower, Meadow Anemone, Meadow Pasque Flower, Meadow Pulsatilla, Small Pulsatilla

• French: Anemone Des Pres, Pulsatille Des Pres, Pulsatille Noirâtre

• Asia, Central: Kazakhstan

• Asia, Northern: Russia (Central European Russia, East European Russia, Northwest European Russia, South European Russia)

• Europe, Central: Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia

• Europe, Eastern: Belarus, Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Ukraine

• Europe, Northern: Denmark, Norway, Sweden

• Europe, Southern: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia

Small pasque is an herbaceous perennial that grows from as low as sea level in its northern ranges up to 2,100m (6,900ft) in the southern ranges.

• Retained for names and distribution.

Spring Pasque Flower (Pulsatilla vernalis)

Pulsatilla vernalis

Europe, Central

• Czech: Alpská Sasanka, Auvergnská Sasanka, Bílá Sasanka, Jarní Koniklec, Jarní Sasanka, Koniklec Jarní, Sasanka Alpská

• German: Flurenblume, Frühlings-Anemone, Frühlings-Kuhschelle, Frühlingskuhschelle, Frühlingsküchenschelle, Fruehlings-Kuhschelle, Gelbe Wolfblume, Karpaten-Kuhschelle, Pelzanemone, Schneeaenchen

• Hungarian: Bekatul, Havasi Sasanka, Hegyi Kökörcsin, Mogop, Tavaszi Kökörcsin, Vernális Kökörcsin

• Polish: Biały Sasanka, Sasanka Górska, Sasanka Wiosenna, Wiosenna Sasanka

• Slovak: Prímorská Sasanka, Slovenský Poniklec, Vetrovka

• Swiss German: Blowayne, Codinops, Gälbe Wolfresli, Plue, Wolfsblueme

Europe, Eastern

• Croatian: Bel Kosac

• Estonian: Kohtukkad, Köökadsekell

• Latvian: Pavasara Pulsatilla

• Lower Sorbian: Łak Kukukczka

• Serbian: Sasa

• Slovenian: Jelenček, Prav Kosmatinec

• Upper Sorbian: Jarowa Kukukczka

Europe, Northern

• Danish: Flojlsblomst, Hvid Kobjælde, Tidlig Kobjælde, Var-Kobjalde

• Finnish: Kangaskorte, Niittyisovilla, Niitty-Ulla, Pohjan Unikoho

• Icelandic: Snæbjalla

• Norwegian: Dovre-Rype, Hagelok, Lavblom, Mor Rype, Vinterblomst

• Swedish: Backsippa, Rökört, Var-Backsippa

Europe, Southern

• Italian: Pulsatilla Bianca, Pulsatilla Primaverile

• Latin: Lapponica

Europe, Western

• English: Spring Pasque Flower, Alpine Anemone, Alpine Pasque Flower, Arctic Pasqueflower, Arctic Violet, Hairy Windflower, Lady of the Snows, Mountain Pasque Flower, Northern Pasque Flower, Snow Crocus, Spring Anemone, Vernal Pasque Flower, White Pasque Flower, Wolf's Bloom (From the Swiss German)

• French: Anémone Printanière, Dame Des Neiges, Pulsatille Printanière

• Europe, Central: Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Poland, Slovakia, Switzerland

• Europe, Eastern: Bulgaria

• Europe, Northern: Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden

• Europe, Southern: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Italy, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, Spain

• Europe, Western: France

Spring pasque is an herbaceous, semi-evergreen perennial, growing up to 10cm (4in) tall, with a rosette as wide. It bears anemone-like flowers up to 6cm (2in) in diameter, its flowers white and outwardly flushed violet, with prominent yellow stamens. It blooms early in the spring, even while still under snow, hence the name "lady of the snows."

It requires sharply drained soils and full sun exposure, not doing well in the shade. Despite its hardiness, it does not do well in winter wetness.

This is a garden plant well-suited to alpine gardens and homes.

• "Lady of the snow" brings to mind snow sprites like the (admittedly anachronistic) yuki-onna of Japan. Due to its strong association with spring, its appearance might be ordering winter sprites back home, as though commanded by the lady to whom they are sworn.
• Under the name "arctic violet," it simultaneously accesses the magical/symbolic properties of ice and the violet. Also "ice-royalty."

* * * * * * *

Prestigious Plants

• Plants
• Flowers
• Trees
• Ferns
• Moss and Lichen [Pending]
• Fungi [Pending]
• Cladistic Index
• Herbal Medicine [Pending]
• Resin, Incense, Balsam, and Lacquer [Pending]

Other Ranunculales

• Berberidaceae
• Barberry
• Lardizabalaceae
• Dead Man's Fingers
• Papaveraceae
• Bleeding Heart
• Celandine
• Fumitory
• Poppy
• Ranunculaceae
• Buttercup/Water Crowfoot
• Clematis
• Columbine
• Coptis
• Hellebore
• Hepatica
• Larkspur
• Love in a Mist
• Monkshood/Wolfsbane

[Img 01 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Adonis_vernalis_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-152.jpg ]

[Img 02 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wild_Adonis_in_Behbahan,_Iran.jpg ]

[Img 03 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Adonis_annua_flor.jpg ]

[Img 04 - https://fineartamerica.com/featured/1-pheasants-eye-adonis-annua-bob-gibbons.html ]

[Img 05 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Adonis_vernalis_gonsenheim.jpg ]

[Img 06 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adonis_microcarpa#/media/File:Adonis-microcarpa001.jpg ]

[Img 07 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adonis_pyrenaica#/media/File:ADONIS_PYRENAICA_-_GENTO_-_IB-228_(Adonis_pirinenc).JPG ]

[Img 08 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Adonis_aestivalis_1.jpg ]

[Img 09 - https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/adonis-aestivalis/ ]

[Img 10 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Anemones5.jpg ]

[Img 11 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Red_Anemone_coronaria.jpg ]

[Img 12 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blue-Anemone_coronaria.jpg ]

[Img 13 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulsatilla#/media/File:Pulsatilla_nuttalliana_Manitoba_May_2019.jpg ]

[Img 14 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulsatilla_cernua#/media/File:Pulsatilla_cernua_4.JPG ]

[Img 15 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pasque_Flower_(Pulsatilla_vulgaris)_(17022184800).jpg ]

[Img 16 - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Pulsatilla_vulgaris-700px.jpg ]

[Img 17 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulsatilla_vulgaris#/media/File:Anemone_pulsatilla_subsp._grandis_%C3%96BG_Bayreuth.jpg ]

[Img 18 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pulsatilla_alpina_(1).JPG ]

[Img 19 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulsatilla_patens#/media/File:Pulsatilla_patens01(js).jpg ]

[Img 20 - https://identify.plantnet.org/the-plant-list/species/Pulsatilla%20grandis%20Wend./data ]

[Img 21 - https://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/showimage/190987 ]

[Img 22 - https://pngtree.com/freebackground/pulsatilla-koreana-nakai-olympic-botanical-nakai-photo_3648775.html ]

[Img 23 - http://wildplantsshimane.jp/Plates/Pulsatilla_cernua.htm ]

[Img 24 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pulsatilla_pratensis_subsp._bohemica2.jpg ]

[Img 25 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulsatilla_vernalis#/media/File:Anemone_vernalis,_near_Plagne_Soleil,_La_Plagne_Tarentaise,_2017.jpg ]

-Apelian, Nicole, and Claude Davis. The Lost Book of Herbal Remedies : The Healing Power of Plant Medicine. 2021.

-Greenaway, Kate. Language of Flowers. George Routleage and Sons. 

-Roux, Jessica. Floriography: An Illustrated Guide to the Victorian Language of Flowers. Andrews McMeel Publishing, 2020. 

-Skinner, Charles M. "Myths and Legends of Flowers, Trees, Fruits, and Plants : In All Ages and in All Climes : Skinner, Charles M. (Charles Montgomery), 1852-1907 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming." Internet Archive, Philadelphia : J.B. Lippincott Co., 1 Jan. 1970, https://archive.org/details/mythslegendsoffl00skin. 

-Tresidder, J. (2008). The Watkins Dictionary of Symbols. Watkins. 

( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adonis_(plant) )
( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adonis_aestivalis )
( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adonis_annua )
( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adonis_microcarpa )
( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adonis_pyrenaica )
( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adonis_vernalis )
( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anemone )
( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anemone_coronaria )
( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulsatilla )
( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulsatilla_alpina )
( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulsatilla_cernua )
( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulsatilla_grandis )
( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulsatilla_koreana )
( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulsatilla_patens )
( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulsatilla_pratensis )
( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulsatilla_vernalis )
( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulsatilla_vulgaris )